ENT 👂🏼 Flashcards
What is Meniere’s Disease?
The triad of tinnitus, vertigo + hearing loss.
Can also get feeling of fullness/pressure in the ears
How do you treat ottitis externa?
1st line Acetic acid
If doesn’t work, give Ciprofloxacin drops
What are the most common infectious agents seen in acute sinusitis?
Haemophilia influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoiae
Rhinoviruses
What is the Px of sinusitis?
Facial pain (worse on leaning forward) Nasal discharge (thick + purulent) Nasal obstruction Post-Nasal drip (may produce chronic cough)
Acute sinusitis management?
DON’T offer abx unless severe
If severe, 1st line = Phenoxymethylpenicillin or Co-Amoxiclav
If present for > 10 days, high dose intranasal corticosteroids
What condition does uvular deviation indicate?
Quinsy (peritonsillar abscess)
What do purulent tonsils indicate?
Bacterial infection
Which condition presents with a ‘toxic’ appearance of head extended, drooling and tripoding?
Epiglottitis
What are the features of Quinsy?
- Severe throat pain, which literalists to one side
- Deiation of ulna to unaffected side
- Trismus (difficulty opening the mouth)
- Reduced neck mobility
What typically predisposes you to Quinsy?
A peritonsillar abscess is typically a complication of bacterial tonsillitis.
Quinsy Rx?
- Needle aspiration or incision + drainage, + IV Abx.
- Tonsillectomy considered to prevent recurrence.
What is the most common cause of neck swellings?
Reactive lymphadenopathy.
May be a Hx of local infection or generalised viral illness.
Thyroglossal cyst Px?
- Common in <20yrs old
- Midline of neck, between isthmus of thyroid and hyoid bone
- Moves upwards with protrusion of the tongue
- May be painfully infected
Pharyngeal pouch Px?
- Older men
- Usually not seen, but if large then midline lump in neck that gurgles on palpation
Sx = dysphagia, regurgitation, aspiration, chronic cough
What is a Cystic Hygroma?
A cystic hygroma is a congenital lymphatic lesion (lymphangioma) typically found in the neck, classically on left side.
Most evident before 2yrs old.