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Paeds > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Define otitis media

A

Middle ear infection

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2
Q

Why is otitis media more common in winter months?

A

Associated with URTIs

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3
Q

List a viral cause for otitis media

A

RSV
Rhinovirus
Adenovirus
Enterovirus

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4
Q

List a bacterial cause for otitis media

A

H. influenzae

Strep pneumoniae

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5
Q

List some clinical features of otitis media

A 
Deep ear pain
Blocked ear sensation
Fever
Irritability
Lethargy
URTI
Discharge from affected ear
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6
Q

Describe bullous myringitis

A

A very painful blister - indicates viral cause of otitis media

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7
Q

What does ear discharge suggest?

A

OME (otitis media with effusion)

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8
Q

What is the conservative management of otitis media?

A

Analgesia

Watchful waiting

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9
Q

What is a complication of otitis media?

A

Tympanic membrane perforation
Mastoiditis
Bacterial labryinthitis

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10
Q

Which antibiotic can sometimes be used for otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin

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11
Q

What condition are grommets used for?

A

Chronic otitis media

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12
Q

What would you find on examination of glue ear?

A

Opaque ear drum
Loss of light reflex
Indrawn/retracted TM
Bubbles in fluid behind TM

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13
Q

What investigations can be done for glue ear?

A

Hearing test

Pneumatic tympanogram - shows immobile eardrum

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14
Q

Give a conservative way to manage glue ear in children

A

Speak more clearly/slowly to children

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15
Q

Apart from grommets, what other surgical interventions can be done for glue ear?

A

Adenoidectomy

Laser myringotomy

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16
Q

What are grommets?

A

Small ventilation tubes placed into TM - allow fluid to drain from middle ear to external ear canal

17
Q

How do grommets improve outcomes?

A

Improve hearing loss

18
Q

What is a risk of using grommets?

A

Tympanosclerosis (white patches on TM)

Requires GA

19
Q

What systemic infections can cause deafness?

A

Rubella
Mumps
Meningitis

20
Q

How can iatrogenic deafness be caused?

A

Ototoxic drugs such as some antibiotics, NSAIDs

Paeds (8 decks)

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