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Year 2 Anatomy > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Modality of CN1

A

Special sensory

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2
Q

Outline CN1

A

Shortest cranial nerve
Does not join with brain stem
Unmyelinated
Consists of two processes - peripheral olfactory processes in mucosa
And antral processes that return info to the brain
Enters through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

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3
Q

What is in the olfactory bulb

A

Specialised mitral cells that synapse with olfactory nerve

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4
Q

Does olfactory nerve go to the thalamus

A

Nope

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5
Q

What lines the sinuses

A

Mucous secreting respiratory mucosa

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6
Q

Where does the right ethmoidal sinus drain to

A

Right superior and middle meatuses

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7
Q

Where does sphenoidal sinuses drain to

A

Anteriorly into the right sphenoethmoidal recess

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8
Q

Frontal sinuses drain to,,,

A

Right Middle meatus

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9
Q

Antra drain to

A

middle meatus

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10
Q

Where do tears drain to ?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

Which drains tears into the inferior meatus of lateral wall of nasal cavity

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11
Q

What is sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the mucosa of the para nasal sinuses
Acute subacute or chronic
Infective - usually viral, allergic or autoimmune

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12
Q

Where is the pain of sinusitis felt

A

In the distribution of cnV1 and CNV2 and may be referred to the teeth

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13
Q

Why are the antral/maxillary sinuses most liable to sinusitis

A

Because the mucous here has to drain up against gravity

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14
Q

What does the Petrous part of the temporal bone contain

A

Organs of hearing and balance
Facial nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve

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15
Q

What does the external acoustic meatus do

A

Collects and conveys sound waves to the tympanic membrane

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16
Q

What does the Eustachian tube do

A

Regulates pressure

Aerates the middle ear system

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17
Q

Why must you not use adrenaline containing local anaesthetics on the ear

A

As the cartilage is avascular

18
Q

Where do the mastoid nodes Drain to

A

Post auricular

Then to deep cervical then to thoracic duct

19
Q

Where do the parotid nodes drain

A

Pre auricular then deep cervical then thoracic duct

20
Q

What are the four parts of the tympanic membrane

A

Umbo is the most inward bit
Pars flaccida is the thinnest bit
Pars tensa is the thick part
Cone of light

21
Q

What is the general sensory nerve supply to the tympanic membrane

A

External - CNV3

Internal - CN IX

22
Q

What is the general sensory nerve supply to the middle ear, Eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx and tonsils

A

CN IX

23
Q

Where does the Eustachian tube connect

A

Connects the tympanic membrane to lateral wall of nasopharynx

24
Q

What is the aditus

A

The doorway into the right mastoid Antrum (the air cells in the ,a stood process)

25
Q

What is the bony labyrinth

A

The space inside the otic capsule

26
Q

What is perilymph

A

The fluid that fills the bony labyrinth

27
Q

What are the semicircular ducts

A

Inter linked balloon like structures within the semi circular canals containing endolymph
APs here -> vestibular nerve

28
Q

What is stapedius

A

Tiniest skeletal muscle in the body
Supplied by CN VII
reduces stapes movement to protect from excess noise

29
Q

What is tensor tympani

A

Tiny skeletal muscle
Supplied by CNV3
Pulls on handle of malleus to tense the tympanic membrane

30
Q

What is chorda tympani

A

Branch of CN VII
Supplies taste buds to anterior 2/3 tongue
Parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual glands

31
Q

Where does CN VII exist for its extra cranial course

A

Stylomastoid foramen

It enters the posterior aspect of parotid gland and divides into somatic motor branches for facial expression

32
Q

What supplies the salivary glands

A

Parotid - parasym from CN IX

Submandibular and sublingual - parasym from chorda tympani

33
Q

What is the parotid duct

A

Crosses the masseter

Pierces medically through buccinator and opens on the parotid papilla of buccal mucosa

34
Q

What is the muscle of the floor of the mouth

A

Miylohyoid

35
Q

What is the lingual nerve

A

Branch of CN V3 containing general sensory and special sensory from the anterior two thirds of the tongue

36
Q

What is the general and special sensory supply to the posterior third of the tongue

A

CN IX

37
Q

What is the foramen caecum

A

Origin of thyroid gland at apex of terminal groove

38
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Palatoglossis - from soft palate to tongue
Styloglossus - from styloid process of temp bone to tongue
Hyoglossus - from hyoid bone to tongue
Genioglossus - from mandible to tongue
Most supplied by CNxii which connects to CNS at medulla oblongata

39
Q

What epithelium is in the oral cavity

A

Hard palate - keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Soft palate - non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

40
Q

What can be done for a septal haematoma

A

Incised and drained to prevent avascular necrosis of the septal hyaline cartilages

Year 2 Anatomy (1 decks)

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