ENT 4SE external neck anatomy

Question 1

superior boundary of the neck (MME)

Answer 1

inferior border of Mandible; tip of Mastoid process; External occipital protruberance

Question 2

lateral boundary of the neck (ST)

Answer 2

SCM; trapezius

Question 3

medial boundary of the neck (H C TH TH)

Answer 3

hyoid; thyroid cartilage; cricoid cartilage; thyroid gland

Question 4

three cervical fascias and other names

Answer 4

superficial / superior; middle / pre-tracheal; deep / pre-vertebral cervical fascia

Question 5

encased by superficial CF

Answer 5

SCM and trapezius muscles

Question 6

encased by middle CF

Answer 6

infrahyoid muscles

Question 7

encased by deep CF

Answer 7

deep neck muscles

Question 8

contents of neurovascular sheath

Answer 8

carotid artery; internal jugular vein; vagus nerve

Question 9

which neck space is connected to the mediastinum

Answer 9

space b/w MIDDLE and DEEP layers (allows spread of disease / abscess)

Question 10

CCA becomes ECA and ICA at what level

Answer 10

superior border of thyroid cartilage (C4)

Question 11

what artery supplies neck and face

Answer 11

external carotid artery from CCA

Question 12

what artery supplies lower part of face

Answer 12

thyrocervical trunk from subclavian artery

Question 13

describe venous drainage

Answer 13

superficial cutaneous veins drain to subclavian and IJV

Question 14

what veins handle 30% of cerebral venous return

Answer 14

vertebral veins and venous plexus

Question 15

has mechanoreceptors

Answer 15

carotid SINUS (respond to vessel wall tension)

Question 16

has chemoreceptors

Answer 16

carotid BODY (respond to pO2, pCO2, and pH changes)

Question 17

what are the 2 jugular venous junctions

Answer 17

juguloFACIAL and juguloSUBCLAVIAN venous junctions

Question 18

lymphatic drainage

Answer 18

at the junction of subclavian and IJV; at the termination of THORACIC DUCT

Question 19

sensory innervation

Answer 19

cervical plexus (C1-C4)

Question 20

what is ERB’S POINT?

Answer 20

posterior border of SCM where cervical plexus (C1-C4) emerges

Question 21

ANSA CERVICALIS supplies what muscles

Answer 21

infrahyoid and geniohyoid muscles

Question 22

CN 9 10 and 11 exit through what foramen

Answer 22

JUGULAR foramen

Question 23

sensory innervation of MIDDLE EAR mucosa and EUSTACHIAN TUBE

Answer 23

tymapnic nerve (from inferior ganglion of CN 9)

Question 24

what forms the lesser petrosal nerve

Answer 24

unity of TYMPANIC NERVE, intermediate nerve of facial nerve, and sympathetic fibers of internal cervical plexus

Question 25

what is the JACOBSON ANASTOMOSIS

Answer 25

otic ganglion

Question 26

what supplies the PSNS to parotid gland

Answer 26

the otic ganglion / jacobson anastomosis

Question 27

the accessory nerve supplies what muscles

Answer 27

SCM and trapezius muscles

Question 28

two roots of the accesory nerve

Answer 28

cranial root (joins vagus) and spinal root (pure motor)

Question 29

what nerve is responsible for the vagally mediated cough reflex in ear exams

Answer 29

AURICULAR NERVE from the vagus nerve