ENT

Question 1

fluid behind eardrum

Answer 1

glue ear - acute otitis media (with effusion)

Question 2

bulging tympanic membrane

Answer 2

acute otitis media

Question 3

vertigo w feeling of fullness in ear

Answer 3

menieres

Question 4

tripod sign (leaning forward to breathe), drooling, hot potato voice

Answer 4

epiglottitis

Question 5

Battle’s sign (bruising of mastoid process)

Answer 5

base of skull fracture

Question 6

recurrent vertigo on rotation/movement of head

Answer 6

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

Question 7

Dix-Hallpike

Answer 7

diagnostic for BPPV, nystagmus and vertigo

Question 8

Epley manoeuvre

Answer 8

BPPV management

Question 9

painless, cystic mass below ear

Answer 9

branchial cyst, benign, can become infected

Question 10

foul smelling discharge from ear, hx chronic otitis media, hearing loss

Answer 10

cholesteatoma

Question 11

air-bone gap on audiogram

Answer 11

conductive hearing loss

Question 12

sloping with no air-bone gap on audiogram

Answer 12

sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)

Question 13

bleeding down throat (haemoptysis/haematemesis w ent hx)

Answer 13

posterior epistaxisis

Question 14

purulent and BLACK nasal discharge

Answer 14

button battery in nose - necrosis & septal perforation

Question 15

purulent, foul smelling nasal discharge (w facial pain, nasal obstruction)

Answer 15

foreign body in nose (organic object - inorganic generally asymptomatic until obstruction)

Question 16

persistent hoarseness (w dysphagia, lymphadenopathy, red flag symptoms)

Answer 16

laryngeal cancer, urgent ent referral

Question 17

“cherry in the nose” w bilateral septal swelling (trauma hx)

Answer 17

nasal septal haematoma

Question 18

blood stained nasal discharge, persistent epistaxis, UNILATERAL symptoms

Answer 18

nasopharyngeal cancer

Question 19

ear pain, itch, redness/swelling of ear canal minimal discharge

Answer 19

otitis externa, generally staph or pseudomonas

Question 20

rapid onset deep ear pain, systemic symptoms, fever & irritability

Answer 20

acute otitis media

Question 21

pale/retracted tympanic membrane, difficulty in school/with hearing

Answer 21

otitis media with effusion (OME) - glue ear

Question 22

pain/swelling behind ear, recent hx acute otitis media

Answer 22

mastoiditis, can spread and cause meningitis

Question 23

young adult, gradual conductive hearing loss, tinnitus

Answer 23

otosclerosis

Question 24

deviated uvula, unitonsilar bulge (hx acute tonsillitis)

Answer 24

peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)

Question 25

painless, midline neck mass, moves up on swallowing AND tongue protrusion (usually in children)

Answer 25

thyroglossal cyst, benign congenital - persistent thyroglossal duct

Question 26

unilateral SNHL w ipsilateral tinnitus

Answer 26

vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma), benign CNVIII tumour

Question 27

young onset vestibular schwannoma

Answer 27

Neurofibromatosis II

Question 28

saddle nose

Answer 28

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegeners)