Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine Year 4 TCD > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What often precedes Otitis Media

A

Viral upper Resp tract infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Commonest Bacterial cause of Otitis Media?

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Otitis Media Presentation:

A

Ear Pain,
Reduced hearing
Upper airway infection symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Otitis Media Examination

A

Bulging, red, inflamed tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Otitis Media management

A

Most cases resolve w/o abx within 3 days
Immediate abx in patients w/ sig comorbidities
Amoxicillin for 5-7 days first line
Clarithromycin in penicillin allergy
Erythromycin (in pregnant women allergic to penicillin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is glue ear

A

Otitis media w/ an effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Glue ear features

A

Peaks at 2 years old
Hearing loss
Secondary problems eg speech and language delay, behavioural or balance problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glue Ear treatment

A

Grommet insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Presbycusis and what type of sound does it affect first?

A

Age related hearing loss
Tends to affect high pitched sounds first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Presbycusis risk factors

A

Loud noise exposure
Diabetes
HTN
Drug exposure (salicylates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Presbycusis presentation

A

Hearing loss- gradual and insidious: loss of high pitched sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Presbycusis examination findings?

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Presbycusis management

A

Optimise environment
Hearing aids
Cochlear implants (in patients where hearing aids aren’t sufficient)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tinnitus types?

A

Primary- no identifiable cause
Secondary- identifiable cause

17
Q

Tinnitus causes:

A

Ear wax
Meniere’s disease
Otosclerosis
Acoustic neuroma
Drugs: Aspirin/NSAIDs, Aminoglycosides, Loop diuretics, Quinine

18
Q

Imaging criteria for tinnitus?

A

Generally non pulsatile tinnitus doesn’t require imaging unless unilateral or other neuro/otological signs.
MRI of the internal auditory meatuses is first line

19
Q

Tinnitus management

A

Investigate underlying cause
Amplification devices
Psychological therapy may help a limited group of patients- eg CBT
Tinnitus support groups

20
Q

Eustachian tube dysfunction presentation

A

Reduced or altered hearing
Popping noises/sensations in the ear
Fullness sensation in the ear
Pain
Tinnitus
Symptoms get worse when external air pressure changes and middle ear pressure can’t equalise the outside pressure eg flying, mountain climbing or scuba diving
Generally associated w/ recent viral URTI or hayfever

21
Q

Eustachian tube dysfunction investigation

A

Tympanometry- tympanogram will show a peak admittance (most sound absorbed) w/ negative ear canal pressures

22
Q

Eustachian tube dysfunction management

A

Can resolve spontaneously
Valsalva manouevre
Decongestant nasal sprays (short term only)
antihistamines and a steroid nasal spray for allergies or rhinitis

23
Q

Otitis externa- AKA

A

Swimmer’s ear- exposure to water whilst swimming can lead to inflammation in ear canal

24
Q

Causes of otitis externa? Which fungal causes are more susceptible in ppl who’ve had multiple topical abx courses

A

Bacterial infection- pseudomonas aeruginosa
Fungal infection- eg aspergillus or candida

25
Q

Otitis externa presentation?

A

Ear Pain
Discharge
Itchiness
Conductive hearing loss (if ear becomes blocked)

26
Q

Otoscopy findings?

A

Erythema and swelling in ear canal. Tenderness. Pus or discharge. Lymphadenopathy in neck/around ear.

27
Q

Management of otitis externa?

A

Mild OE can be treated w/ acetic acid 2% - has antifungal and antibacterial effect
Moderate OE- treated w/ a topical abx and steroid eg Neomycin, dexamethasone and acetic acid
Severe/systemic OE- oral abx (eg flucloxacillin or clarithromycin) or discussion w/ ENT for admission and IV abx

28
Q

Malignant otits externa- progresses to what?

A

Osteomyelitis of temporal bone

29
Q

Malignant OE risk factors

A

Diabetes, immunosppuressed

30
Q

Malignant OE symptoms

A

More severe than OE, w/ persistent headache, severe pain and fever

31
Q

Malignant OE management

A

Emergency- admission to hospital under ENT team, IV abx, Imaging to assess extent of infection

32
Q

Vestibular neuronitis presentation

A

Acute onset of vertigo
May be recent viral URTI
Symptoms are more severe first few days, initially vertigo may be constant after which it’s triggered or worsened by head movement
NO LOSS OF HEARING

33
Q

Vestibular neuronitis diagnosis:

A

Head impulse test

34
Q

Vestibular neuronitis management

A

Medicine Year 4 TCD (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions