ENT Flashcards
what causes primary otalgia?
direct stimulation to the sensory nerve due to pathology in the ear
what causes secondary otalgia?
referred pain arising from disease in any peripheral territory supplied by the nerves of the ear
where does otalgia associated with TMJ disorder usually come from?
masticatory muscles
what medications should be considered for neuralgia causing otalgia?
carbamazepine
gabapentin
amitriptyline
what are the three main points in a history for a neck lump?
age
duration
location
what key things should be asked in PMH for a neck lump?
TB
surgery
irradiation
what bloods should be done for a neck lump presentation?
FBC
inflammatory markers
viral titres
what is the first line investigation for a neck lump?
USS and FNAC
where does metastatic SCC causing a neck lump tend to come from?
a primary head and neck cancer
name two benign parotid gland masses
pleomorphic adenoma
warthin’s tumour
how do malignant parotid gland tumours present?
pain
skin fixation
facial nerve palsy
lymphadenopathy
how do thyroid nodules present?
midline neck lumps that move on swallowing
what are the most common age groups for thyroid malignancy?
> 45
<10
what are the red flag symptoms for thyroid cancer?
family history history of irradiation unexplained hoarseness with goitre rapid progression lymphadenopathy pain
what causes stertor?
obstruction of the airway above the level of the larynx causing vibrations of the pharynx and soft palate
