ENT Flashcards
predominant symptom of otitis externa
acute rapid onset of ear pain (otalgia); severity of pain and tenderness may be disproportionate to degree of inflammation
prominent signs of acute disease
edema of ear canal, erythema, and thick clumpy otorrhea
invasive infection of temporal bone and skull base
necrotizing (malignant) otitis externa
treatment for Otitis externa
topical otic preparations containing acetic acid with or without hydrocortisone or neomycin, polymixin or
quinolone (Ciprofloxacin) with or without hydrocortisone
most effective prophylaxis for acute otitis externa
installation of dilute alcohol or acetic acid (2%) immediately after swimming or bathing
Avoid cotton or other material tipped swabs which may cause trauma
most common affected nerve in HSV otitis externa
8th nerve
middle ear effusion results
conductive hearing loss (CHL)`
most common cause of acquired hearing loss in children
Otitis media
incidence of OM is highest in the age group
6-20 months of age
3 pathogens that are predominant in AOM
s. aureus, HiB, moraxella catarrhalis
most specific finding of AOM
bulging of tympanic membrane
common finding in Middle ear effusion
substantial impairment of mobility
diagnosis of AOM
moderate to severe bulging of TM or new onst otorrhea not caused by otitis externa
mild bulging of TM and recent (<48hr) onset of ear pain or intense TM eythema
Tue or False. A diagnosis of AOM should not be made in children without MEE
True
Both AOM without otorrhea and OME are accompanied by physical signs of MEE namely presence of 2 of 3 TM abnormalities
- white, yellow, amber or (rarely) blue discoloration
- opacification other than that caused by scarring
- decreased or absent mobility
what are the findings seen in OME
either air-fluid levels or air bubbles outlined by small amounts of fluid may be visible behind TM
treatment for infants less than 6 months old with AOM
Amoxicillin 80-90mkday; if given antibiotics for the past 30 days give Co-Amox, Cefuroxime or Ceftriaxone
treatment for patients 6months to 2yrs old with AOM; signs of severe disease (moderate or severe otalgia, fever >/=39)
Amoxicillin alone or with clavulanic
treatment for patients more than 2 years old with signs of sever disease (moderate or severe otalgia, fever >/=39)
Amoxicillin alone or with Clavulanic acid
drug of choice for uncomplicated AOM
Amoxicillin
duration of treatment for AOM
10 days
