Enr 1.5 Flashcards
Climb in evaluated sector.
AC must maintain T/O climb gradient as required by departure procedure for track being flown and climb on departure to mnm 400’ or other specified.
If AC is climbing through 2 or more sectors higher climb gradient applies.
Rate of climb required
Gradient percent x Groundspeed x 1.013
Whats a SID? Where does it start and what’s the climb gradient
Standard instrument departure used to standardise departure instructions reduce RTF congestion, chance of aircraft error routing and provide positive routing for comm fail.
Starts at a point 16ft above departure end of runway .
3.3% or 200ft per NM, must. Climb on runway centreline to 400’ above departure end of runway before commencing a turn.
Take off minima
Either on AD2 or if not specified, 300ft ceiling 1500m visibility
Reduced Takeoff minima
Zero cloud ceiling, visibility at or above 800m provided
Runway has centreline marking or lights, and T/O wx is confirmed by pilot, AD2 allows for reduced takeoff minima to be used, any obstacles are taken into account and if aircraft is AC is multi engine prop, equipped with auto feather or coarse system.
Holding altitudes
1000’ above normal, 2000’ mountains
IAS for holding patterns
14,000’ 170kt Cat A and B
Outbound timing
Below 14,000 1 minute above 14,000 1 and a half
Turns
Made at rate one turn or 25º whichever requires less bank
Onwards clearance time and expected approach time
Onwards - event that an AC is held en route or at a location other then initial approach fix, ac will be given onwards clearance time. The time it can be expected to leave holding location
Expected approach time - even ac is instructed to hold at initial approach fix, if delay will exceed five minutes an expected approach time will be passed.
Whats Vat and how to calculate it and what’s cat a
Speed at threshold
1.3 x Vs0
Less then 91kts
Speeds for procedures
Vat
Initial approach and reversal
Final approach
Circling
Missed approach
Vat - <91
Initial approach 90-150(110*)
70-100
100
110
Operation below DA,DH, or MDA (9 references) 4T 3R AV
Cannot descend below MDA, DA unless:
- AC is continuously in a position form which a descent to a landing can be made at a Normal ROD using normal manoeuvres,
- circling approach, maintain aircraft within the appropriate circling area
- flight visibility is not less then the prescribed for approach
- one of the references are in sight
- approach lighting system
- threshold marking
- threshold lights
- REIL
- VASI
- touchdown zone or markings
-touchdown zone lights - runway markings or runway
- runway lights
Missed approach turn bank angle
Minimum turn of 15º
Missed approach design
Designed to provide a minimum obstacle clearance of 98’ to an aircraft climbing along specified missed approach path at a gradient of 2.5% (150ft/NM)
Radii of circling
1.68nm (3111m)
Met minima and alternate requirement
1 alternate aerodrome must be selected unless met conditions for at least 1 hour before and 1 hour after ETA of AD of landing ceiling will be at least 1000’ above minimums and vis is 5km or 2km more then minimum whichever is greater
Met minima of alternate and power supply requirement
Precision approach - ceiling 600ft or 200ft above DA
3000m vis or 1000m more then minimum which is greater
Non precision - 800’ or 200’ above MDA, visibility of 4000m or 1500m more then minimum, whichever is greater.
Must also have secondary electric power supply for ground based nav aid necessary for approach
Reference datum for takeoff minima for IFR and landing
AGL takeoff
AMSL(AGL)
CDI Scaling
GNSS
Enroute 2nm when enroute to destination
Terminal 1NM when within 30nm of destination
Approach down to 0.3nm during an approach
VOR 10º full deflection
ILS 2.5º
Currency
Preceding 12 months demonstrate to FE competency and have done 3 hours instrument time 1 hour IFT. 3 instrument approach procedures.
IFR COMM Failure (9)
Maintain terrain clearance
7600
Alternate and secondary ATS freq
Check aircraft comms
ATIS listen
Transmit blind
Landing lights, beacon, strobe on
Call on phone.
Dont go to MBZ
IFR comm failure if u can maintain VMC
Remain in VMC and continue flight under VFR. Proceed to suitable aerodrome land and report arrival.
IFR comm failure can’t maintain VMC
Proceed in accordance with current flight plan confirmed by ATC clearance.
Departure level restriction comm failure and radar vectors
Level restriction - maintain last assigned level to point specified then climb to maintain level in flight plan. If no point assigned maintain last assigned level or MFA for 5 minutes then climb to maintain specified in flight plan.
Radar vectors - maintain last assigned vector for 2 minutes then climb to MSA if necessary to maintain terrain clearance then continue w flight plan.
comm failure arrival
Track to aid or fix and if you have a STAR clearance proceed with it and commence descent to initial approach altitude for approach procedure in accordance with ATC clearance.
Comm failure at or within 25nm from destination
Arrive at fix at last assigned level or near as possible to expected approach time given by ATC and commence approach.
If too high descend in hold.
If on initial approach but not cleared, continue via procedure and maintain last assigned level until on final approach the do the approach.
If too high enter hold and descend if no hold then take missed approach and position for another approach.
comm failure radar vector arrival
Maintain vector 2 mins, climb if necessary then proceed to fix for approach. If on IAF, maintain last level until on final approach track then do approach
Diversion how many
If you want to attempt a second approach provided you can land within 30mins of expected approach time or ETA you can but if unsuccessful you must divert.
Visual approach requirements and when can you request it
Conditions suitable for a visual approach from ATIS:
By day only when the visibility is at least 16km and the ceiling is at least 1000 ft above the applicable minimum radar vectoring altitude or the applicable instrument approach procedure commencement altitude.
By night only at ChCh for RWY 11 OR RWY 29 provided the visibility is at least 16km and there is no cloud below 5000ft.
When you can request visual approach:
Specifically state “REQUEST VISUAL APPROACH”, and;
Can maintain visual reference to the terrain, and;
Reported ceiling is not below the approved initial approach level for the aircraft to be cleared, or;
The pilot reports, at the initial approach level or at any time during the instrument approach procedure, that the meteorological conditions will permit a visual approach and that there is a reasonable assurance that the landing can be accomplished.
RAIM Warning what to do if more then 10 minutes and or DR for more then 1 minute.
Advise appropriate Controlling atc service and report aircraft position every 10 minutes using alternate means of navigation.
Must pilots always confirm availability of RAIM before flight? And what happens if there’s a RAIM outage of 5 minutes or greater or any outage expected within 15 minutes of a planned approach?
Yes must always. Flight plan must be altered to avoid outage. Or use another means of navigation
Flight time requirements and subjects
50 hours VFR xc
10 hrs dual instrument xc
40 hours IT
20 hours IFT 10 hours dual instructional
20 hpurs training xc CPL nav
Hf
Met
Navaids
Law
Nav
Eligibility requirements
Class1 or 2 medical
Flight time experience
5 subjects with KDR
Demonstrate competency to FE
Privileges and limitations
Single-pilot aircraft, have passed the flight test
Non-centreline-thrust multi engine aeroplane, have passed the flight test on a non-centreline-thrust multi-engine aeroplane and if the holder is carrying out an instrument approach procedure under IFR, a flight examiner must certify in the holder’s logbook that the holder has satisfactorily demonstrated competency on that approach aid or system;
and if the holder holds only a class 2 medical certificate, the holder must meet the class 1 hearing standards and must be endorsed on their class 2 medical certificate.
Currency for 3 months
Every 3 months, 3 hours instrument time (including 1 hour instrument flight time); and 3 published instrument approach procedures (1 of which may be performed in an approved synthetic flight trainer)
Non-centreline-thrust multi-engine aircraft under IFR,
demonstrated competency in non-centreline-thrust multi-engine aircraft
Carrying out an instrument approach procedure under IFR, within the immediately preceding 3 months, performed in flight or in an approved synthetic flight trainer a published instrument approach procedure using a similar type of navigation system
The holder of an instrument rating who does not comply may act as support pilot of an aircraft on an IFR flight if the aircraft is not performing an air operation.
Currency for 12 months
Demonstrate competency to FE, the 2d approach will revalidate all 2d approaches and the 3d approach will validate all 3d
Fuel requirements alternate vs none
Non turbine fly to intended aerodrome of landing and fly after that for 45 minutes at a height of 1500’ above aerodrome
Alternate required
Fly from intended to alternate and fly after that for 45 minutes at holding speed at height of 1500’ above minimums
IFR flight planning, delays and termination
Submit a flight plan prior to any flight under IFR. At least 30 minutes prior. Information required all on IFIS.
Advise appropriate ATS asap of any delay exceeding 30 mins
Terminate on completion
Adherence to flight plan and route
Must adhere to it unless a request has been made and clearance obtained
Emergency
Route -
operate along defined centreline of route
Inadvertent change to flight plan
In event if inadvertence to flight plan advise ATS unit of any deviation from track or any variation of 5% of tas or 0.02 Mach number. And revised eta
Icing conditions
Cannot takeoff if ac has ice snow or frost on it or j to know or forecasted icing unless ac is equipped and certified with ice protection equipment
Icing conditions
Cannot takeoff if ac has ice snow or frost on it or j to know or forecasted icing unless ac is equipped and certified with ice protection equipment
IFR required equipment
Aircraft attitude, by gyroscopic or inertial means
Magnetic heading, by gyroscopic or inertial means
That the power supply to any gyroscopic instruments is adequate
Sensitive pressure altitude, in feet, adjustable for barometric pressure in hectoPascals or millibars
Outside air temperature (can you fly if it’s broken? No)
Time in hours, minutes, and seconds
Airspeed in knots, with a means of preventing malfunctioning due to either condensation or icing
Rate of climb/descent
IFR required equipment
Means of indicating
Aircraft attitude, by gyroscopic or inertial means
Magnetic heading, by gyroscopic or inertial means
That the power supply to any gyroscopic instruments is adequate
Sensitive pressure altitude, in feet, adjustable for barometric pressure in hectoPascals or millibars
Outside air temperature (can you fly if it’s broken? No)
Time in hours, minutes, and seconds
Airspeed in knots, with a means of preventing malfunctioning due to either condensation or icing
Rate of climb/descent
Requirements of using gps as primary means
Approved to level 1. And have 1 other operable means of navigation
Restriction
Can’t operate under IFR in nz using a sole means of navigation which only uses gps
Must you attain a RAIM prediction prior to departure?
Yes for the expected time of arrival at destination
RAIM fd vs FDE how long it lasts?
Fd is 5 FDE is 6 satellites
Fd covers tso-129
FDE other one (146 integrity is greater using for RNAV)
