Enquiry Question 2 Flashcards
When is a hazard considered a disaster?
When 500 or more deaths occur.
What are mega disasters?
Disasters when the GDP of a country is reduced by at least 5%
OR over 2000 deaths
OR over 200,000 made homeless
OR over a year of foreign aid dependency.
Formula for calculating risk?
Capacity to Cope (C)
What makes up a PAR (Pressure and Release) model?
Root cause -> Dynamic pressure -> Unsafe conditions
What is hazard vulnerability?
It is the capacity of a person or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural hazard.
What increases an areas vulnerability?
corruption, low lying area, lack of warning systems, population growth, ageing populations, weak economy, ignorant population, lack of transport links.
What decreases an areas vulnerability?
strong government, highland area, low/no corruption, educated population, urban planning, strong economy, insurance, scientific understanding, strong emergency services.
Physical factors that affect the size of disaster of a tectonic event.
magnitude, location, low lying, depth of hypocentre, soil/rock type, time of day.
Human factors that affect the size of disaster of a tectonic event.
building regulations,
infrastructure,
population,
early warning systems.
Components of a hazard profile.
high magnitude, fast speed of onset, long duration, large spatial area, very frequent, high damage costs, high deaths, slow recovery rate, random spatial prediction.
What are the World Risk Index components?
exposure,
susceptibility,
coping capacity,
adaptive capacity.
What are the components of governance?
political,
economic,
administrative.
What is the DRR?
The Disaster Risk Reduction.
What is resilience?
The ability of a community in coping with a hazard.
What is an earthquakes magnitude measured using?
The Richter scale,
The moment magnitude scale (MMS),
The Mercalli scale.
What is the VEI?
The Volcanic Explosive Index,
Measures the magnitude of an eruption combining eruption height, volume of material erupted and duration of eruption.
Graded from 0-8
What is a super volcano?
One who’s impacts would be felt globally because of a worldwide cooling of the earths climate perhaps up to 5 years.
What can tectonic events be compared using?
A hazard profile.
What is liquefaction?
When the shaking or the ground causes waterlogged, loose sediment to move and act like a liquid causing buildings to tilt, sink or collapse.
What is an aftershock?
An event that occurs in the hours, days and months after the primary earthquake and can be of high magnitude.
What is governance?
The running of a country or region.
What is land use zoning?
A planning tool used to decide if residential, commercial, industrial or no buildings should be built in a particular location.
