Enquiry Question 1 Flashcards
What is Igneous rock?
A volcanic rock that is formed from magma or lava cooling. When formed igneous rock contain crystals.
What is sedimentary rock?
Formed from layers of eroded, transported and deposited rock. Also some animal and plant remains. This is then compressed at the bottom of a body of water.
What is metamorphic rock?
Formed when existing rocks are compacted under high heat and pressure, usually has crystals.
How has agriculture created UK landscapes?
In the South Downs national park chalk grassland is ideal for sheep and horses whereas clay grassland is suitable for cows. The deeper chalk soils are more suitable for arable farming - shaping the different farms in the landscape.
How has afforestation create UK landscapes?
In the Lake District Ennerdale valley undertook significant afforestation in the 1920s.
How has sheep farming create UK landscapes?
Farming made stone wall partitioning and farmers lived near their animals leaving a dispersed settlement.
What is the geology of the Lake District?
Largely volcanic basalt (igneous) rock which erupted onto the
surface 450-300mill years ago such as at Borrowdale. Also granite
(igneous) erupted below the surface at Eskdale. These are both
resistant. There is sedimentary rock present too when the UK was
under tropical seas (350-250mill) such as mud and sandstone
What is the geology of the Weald?
The Weald is mainly made up of sedimentary rock as it is in the lowlands. The rocks in the Weald are clay, chalk and greensand. This made it easy for the meltwater to erode creating a large dry river bed.
What is the landscape of the Lake District?
The landscape in the Lake District has been formed by glaciers that have eroded the landscape. As it is resistant rock, glaciers couldn’t erode some rocks leaving high peaks.
What is the landscape of the Weald?
The Weald is the remains of what used to be undulating hills that formed an arch called an anticline. During the ice age the chalk froze making it more resistant. When the meltwater form the glaciers in the north came down it created a large river that eroded some of the chalk. When the river dried up a dry river valley was left.
What were the weathering processes in the Lake District?
In the Lake District, in winter, the temperature goes below freezing at night and gets warmer in the day. As a result of this freeze-thaw weathering occurs. Rain falls into cracks in rocks and freeze at night. This causes the water to expand by 10% which breaks of rock and creates scree.
What were the slope processes in the Lake District?
Scree (fragments of rock) can be very loose on mountains, falling regularly, creating rockfalls. As the Lake District is the UK’s wettest region (over 2000mm of rainfall each year). This rain adds to the weight of rock and can lead to landslides.
What were the post glacial river processes in the Lake District?
After glaciers created U-shaped valleys small streams formed at the base. They are called misfit streams. They are very small compared to the valleys they are in. They deposit silt and mud (alluvium) in the valleys making them fertile for farming.
What were the post glacial river processes in the Weald?
Chalk is porous so there is normally no rivers in chalk areas except if it is saturated from wet weather. However clay is impermeable so rivers are common. During and after the last ice age water in the chalk froze making it impermeable. Then water formed rivers and valleys. As the climate warmed water seeped through the chalk again leaving dry valleys.
What were the slope processes in the Weald?
Soil creep is a slow slope process caused by rain dislodging tiny soil particles each time it rains. Soil creep moves at around 2cm a year and can have effects over many decades.
