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Geography Component 1 > Enquiry Question 1 > Flashcards

Enquiry Question 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Malawi?

A

Malawi is in south east Africa. It is landlocked with borders to 3 countries: Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia. The nearest ocean is the Indian Ocean. It is south of the equator but above the Tropic of Capricorn.

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2
Q

What is a developing country?

A

A country with a low human development.

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3
Q

What is an emerging country?

A

A country with a medium or high human development.

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4
Q

What is a developed country?

A

A country with a very high human development.

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5
Q

What is GDP?

A

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year.

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6
Q

What is GDP per capita?

A

GDP per capita is when you divide a country’s GDP by its population. It is now measured in PPP or Purchasing Power Parity.

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7
Q

What is the poverty line?

A

The minimum income required to meet someone’s basic needs. The World Bank uses $1.25 per person per day.

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8
Q

What is the Measure of inequality?

A

Shows how equally the wealth is distributed among the population.

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9
Q

What is the dependency ratio?

A

The proportion of people above 65 and below 14 divided by the working population then times by 100.

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10
Q

What is the Gini Coefficient?

A

It measures the distribution of income is unequal within a country. It is a ratio between 0 and 1. With 1 meaning one person has all the money.

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11
Q

What is safe water?

A

The percentage of people with access to safe water within 1km.

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12
Q

What is the literacy rate?

A

The percentage of the population over 15 who are literate.

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13
Q

What is the Corruption Perceptions Index?

A

Measures corruption from 10 to 0 to show if money was invested into the country how likely it would be to be used in a corrupt way. 10 is good, 0 bad.

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14
Q

What is population structure?

A

The number of each sex in each age group.

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15
Q

What is birth rate?

A

The number of live births per 1000 people per year.

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16
Q

What is death rate?

A

The number of deaths per 1000 people per year.

17
Q

What is fertility rate?

A

The average number of births per woman.

18
Q

What is infant mortality?

A

The number of children per 1000 who die before their first birthday.

19
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

The average number of years a person will live.

20
Q

What is maternal mortality?

A

The number of mothers per 100,000 who die in birth.

21
Q

What factors are there for Malawi being a developing country?

A 
It is landlocked
Terms of trade
Colonisation and cash crops
Global trade and international relations
Pollution
Rural isolation 
Climate change
22
Q

How has Malawi being landlocked affected its development?

A

It has no port to export and import goods
The nearest coast is in Mozambique - 800km away
The railway to the coast is low tech, slow and the trains cannot carry a lot of goods

23
Q

How has terms of trade affected Malawi’s development?

A

Malawi imports $2.5 billion and exports $1.3 billion
Malawi exports primarily raw materials that sell for less
It sells its resources to developed countries and gets manufactured goods from them

24
Q

How has colonisation and cash crops affected Malawi’s development?

A

Over 80% of the population work in farming
Plantations that were developed during British ownership are still owned by British companies
They hire local landless labourers that get 1p per kg of tea leaves
They trade on the global market so the price fluctuates
Tea is sold for an average of £1.75 per kg and in shops £8 per kg

25
Q

How has Global trade and international relations affected Malawi’s development?

A

There are tariffs of 7.5% on roasted coffee beans but none on raw beans so developed countries buy the raw beans and roast them themselves meaning Malawi have to sell beans for less money

26
Q

How has pollution affected Malawi’s development?

A

Since 2010 rapid economic growth has led to water supplies getting contaminated due to surface run off
Increase of squatter settlements with no sanitation
Air pollution increasing from industrial smoke and fires

27
Q

How has rural isolation affected Malawi’s development?

A

85% of Malawi lives in rural areas - highest percentage in the world
Poor infrastructure means people get cut off and unable to sell goods
Mobile phone and internet coverage limited

28
Q

How has climate change affected Malawi’s development?

A

Rainfall has been much lower since 2000
Rainy seasons have been shorter so rivers have dried up
Crop yields have fallen
In 2012 heavy rain damage reduced harvest by 7% and 10,000 farmers were made homeless

Geography Component 1 (1 decks)

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