ENPC 6th Ed Chap 6 The Neonate Flashcards
Compare acrocyanosis with central cyanosis
Acrocyanosis is bluish coloration the the hands, feet or lips
Central cyanosis is to the trunk or head
Acro can occur when the baby becomes cold and resolves on warming (84 Bx)
What is the most important and effective intervention fir neonatal resuscitation?
PPV (85)
What is the most common metabolic disturbance in neonates?
Hypoglycemia (87)
What might prolonged periods of hypoglycemia cause in a neonate?
“interruption in neurodevelopment or brain damage” (87)
What is blue baby syndrome?
Infant methemoglobinemia. Will have a bluish discoloration to kips and hands especially when crying. The child has abnormal hemoglobin that cant carry enough O2 to meet needs.
Causes: genetics, dapsone, benzocaine, food high in nitrates
TX: methylene blue, blood transfusion, hyperbaric chamber, ascorbic acid (87)
What is one adverse side effect of prostaglandin administration?
Apnea Have airway supplies ready, might be reversed or prevented with caffeine. (89 CP)
How dose resuscitation of the child with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia differs from a normal child?
Avoid PPV via mask to reduce abdominal distention which can compromise lung expansion. Use an ETT and place an N/O GT (91 CP)
When is the generally considered age of viability?
26 weeks (83)
Describe the changes in an neonates weight?
May initially lose weight after birth then regain that weight after 10-12 days. (85)
Describe neonatal growth during the first month of life in length and weight?
grows 1-1.5 inches
gains 4-8 ounces (85)
At what age does the pulmonary pressure stabilize below the blood pressure?
3 weeks (85)
Congential heart defects are divided into the two main categories based on their effect on oxygenation?
Cyanotic and acyanotic (88)
What is another name for cyanotic CHD?
Critical CHD or CCHD (88)
How long does the ductus arteriosus take to close?
“within a couple of days” (88)
What is a ductal -dependant lesion?
When the child requires the DA to stay open to avoid cyanosis
TX w/ protaglandin
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
Most common CCHD
Comprises four defects
1. VSD,
2. right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (Pulmonary stenosis)
3. overiding aorta
4. right ventricular hypertrophy
Describe Transposition of the great arteries in respect to anatomical structure?
second most common CCHD
dx w/in a week of birth
aorta is connected to RV
PA is connected to LV
What is the leading cause on non-febrile seizures in infants less than 6 months?
Hyponatremia (90)
What is the most common cause of hyponatremia?
Watered down infant formula (90)
How are hyponatremic seizures treated?
With 3% saline solution, anticonvulsant medications are less likely to be responded to (90)
What can happen in untreated jaundice?
ACUTE BILITUBIN ENCEPHALOPATHY AND KERNICTERUS –an irreversible condition leading to sensory and intellectual disabilities (91) Occurs at levels of unconjugated bilirubin of 25mg/dl of more
What is neonatal abstinence syndrome?
drug withdrawal post birth from opioids. (91)
What assessment tool is used to assess neonatal abstinence syndrome?
The Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System. scored q 3-4 hours, used to determine if pharmacologic intervention may be necessary . (91)
