Enlightment And The Time Of Revolutions

Question 1

Autrocacy

Answer 1

A gov in which one person has all the power.

Ex: monarchy and dictatorship

Question 2

Monarchy

Answer 2

A king or a queen rules the country. Power comes from a family line.
Ex: Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

Question 3

Dictatorship

Answer 3

A form of gov where one leader has absolute control over citizens lives.
Ex: Rousseau

Question 4

Democracy

Answer 4

Citizens hold the political power. There are two types representative and direct democracy.

Question 5

Representative Democracy

Answer 5

Citizens elect leaders to represent their rights and interest in the gov.

Question 6

Direct Democracy

Answer 6

There are no representatives, citizens are directly involved with law making and other governmental acts.

Question 7

The Enlightenment

Answer 7

A period of time when people were developing new ideas about human existence, propels basic rights, and level of control they should have over gov.
IT HAPPENED IN EUROPE IN 1715!

Question 8

Natural Rights

Answer 8

Include the right to life, liberty, property, and the freedom of happiness. You have the right to express yourself, to move around freely, and to petition in gov.

Question 9

Social Contract

Answer 9

Citizens give up some of their freedom they would have in a state of nature (such as killing and robbing ppl). In exchange the government would protect its citizens (right to live,liberty, and property)

Question 10

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens

Answer 10

Rights included liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.
Freedom of equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion.

Question 11

National Assembly

Answer 11

Year: 1789

• Stroming of the Bastille‭‭
• End of the feudalism
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens

Question 12

Legislative Assembly

Answer 12

Year: 1791

• Constitutional monarchy with king as a symbolic leader
• Property requirements for voting

Year: July 1792
-Prussia and Austria begin invading France

Question 13

National Convention

Answer 13

Year: Sept. 1792

• Jacobins takes control
• Constitutional monarchy abolished
• France becomes a republic with universal suffrage

Year:Jan. 1793
- King Louis XVI executed

Question 14

Committee of Public Safety takes over the National Convention (C.O.P.S)

Answer 14

Year: July 1783
- Degree Against Profiteers

Year: Sept. 1793
- Law of suspects

Year: July 1794
Robespierre, leader of the Reign of Terror, executed Reight of Terror ends.

Question 15

First Estate

Answer 15

• owned 10% of land in France
• provided education and relief survive to poor
• contributed 2% of income to government

Question 16

Second Estate

Answer 16

• rich nobels
• made up 2% of the population
• had 20% of land and paid almost no taxes

Question 17

Third Estate

Answer 17

• made up 97% of population
• three social groups made up the third estate
  i. Bourgeoisie - some were rich as nobels but payed high taxes, and lacked privileges (17% of pop)
  ii. France cities workers - puf low wages , so poor they went hungry
  iii. Peasants - 80% of pop, heavy payed taxes.

ALL WERE IN NEED FOR CHANGE

Question 18

Robespierre

Answer 18

• Jocobin leader, build “republic virtude” (democracy citizens protection)
• banned Sunday’s for religious purposes
• became leader of COPS
• govern France as a dictator and time period was considered The Reign of Terror
• killed 40,000 ppl and 85% were pesants

Question 19

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 19

• believed all humans were naturally selfish and wicked
• believed strong gov are necessary to control human behavior
• believed ppl should give up they’re rights for le and order

Question 20

John Locke

Answer 20

• believed ppl were reasonable beings
• supported self gov, and gov protection for natural rights
• said if gov fails they should have the power to over throw it

Question 21

Rousseau

Answer 21

• focused in individual freedom
• gov were ppl were to give up freedom for common good
• wrote “Social Contract”
• all ppl are equal and believed titles of nobility should be abolished
• inspired leaders of the French Revolution
  In 1789

Question 22

Voltaire

Answer 22

• would always be in trouble with the clergy, the aristocracy, and the gov of France
• served two prison terms
• caught for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech

Question 23

Beccaria

Answer 23

• greatly influenced criminal law
  In Europe and North America
• against use of torture and other common abuses of justice

Question 24

Montesque

Answer 24

• adopted the study of political liberty
• wrote “Ontario Spirit of the Law”
• believed separation of power would keep groups from gaining more control than others

Question 25

Meeting General Estates

Answer 25

• figuring out solution 4 debt crisis
• 1789 1st, 2nd, and 3rd estates meet
• voting according to old rules
• 3rd Estate get locked out

Question 26

Storming of the Bastille

Answer 26

• ppl secure weapons
• in search of gunpowder
• kill guards and parade with head on pilces
• spark of the French Revolution

Question 27

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 27

• National Assembly moves next door
• won’t leave until they get a new constitution
• king Louis sends military to disband groups

Question 28

Congress of Vienna

Answer 28

• Containment of France

- create strong independent countries to prevent aggression