enlightment, american revolution

Question 1

definition of enlightenment

Answer 1

Intellectual movement in europe in 17th and 18th century based on reason, science, and individual rights as a response to traditional authority

Question 2

john locke

Answer 2

Advocated for natural rights (life, liberty, property) and the idea that governments derive power from the consent of the governed.

Question 3

voltaire

Answer 3

Argued for freedom of speech and criticized the influence of the church in politics.

Question 4

Montesquieu

Answer 4

Introduced the idea of separating powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Question 5

Rousseau

Answer 5

Promoted democracy and the social contract theory, stating that governments should reflect the general will of the people.

Question 6

main ideas in enlightenment

Answer 6

Education: Enlightenment promoted accessible education to combat ignorance.
Politics: Liberty, democracy, separation of powers.
Religion: Reduced power of the church, promoted religious tolerance​

Question 7

what was the impact of enlightenment on society

Answer 7

Changes in Education: Schools began focusing more on science, reason, and humanistic subjects, away from religious dogma.
Reading: Increased literacy and interest in books, self-education​

Question 8

what were the causes of american revolution

Answer 8

Taxes and Economic Control: Britain imposed taxes without the colonists’ consent.
Lack of Representation: Colonists were angered by “taxation without representation” as they had no voice in British Parliament.
Trade Restrictions: British policies limited American trade with other countries.

Question 9

what were the diferent opinions about independance from patriots and from loyalists

Answer 9

Patriots:
Wanted independence for self-governance and freedom from British taxes.
Believed British rule violated their rights.
Saw economic benefits in breaking free.
Loyalists:
Loyal to Britain for stability and protection.
Feared chaos and economic loss from independence.
Benefited from British connections and opposed rebellion.

Question 10

what were the key events in american revolution

Answer 10

Congress
War: battle of Saratoga (1777) and the Siege of Yorktown (1781) -led to British surrender.
Declaration of Independence

Question 11

what changed the congresses

Answer 11

The First Continental Congress (1774) united colonies in opposition to British policies. The Second Continental Congress (1775) managed the war effort and eventually declared independence.

Question 12

declaration of independence

Answer 12

Adopted on July 4, 1776, it declared the colonies free from British rule, stated the right to life, liberty, and that governments must derive their power from the consent of the governed​

Question 13

forming of the US governemnt

Answer 13

Articles of Confederation (1777): Created a weak central government with limited powers, such as no ability to tax or regulate trade.
Constitution (1787): Replaced the Articles, establishing a stronger federal government with three branches

Question 14

what were the three branches of the stronger federal governemnt

Answer 14

Executive: Headed by the President (first president: George Washington).
Legislative: Congress with power to tax, regulate commerce, and coin money.
Judicial: Federal courts.
Bill of Rights: The first 10 amendments secured individual freedoms like freedom of speech, religion, and the right to a fair trial​

Question 15

what was the impact of the revolution

Answer 15

Positive outcomes: End of British rule, democratic ideas.
Limitations: Slavery still going, women and non-property owners had limited rights​