Enlightenment thinkers Flashcards
Who is considered the father of modern philosophy?
René Descartes
What is the main idea of John Locke’s social contract theory?
Governments derive their authority from the consent of the governed.
True or False: Voltaire was known for his advocacy of civil liberties and freedom of speech.
True
Fill in the blank: The Enlightenment emphasized reason, individualism, and _____ over tradition.
science
Which Enlightenment thinker wrote ‘The Social Contract’?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What did Montesquieu advocate for in terms of government structure?
Separation of powers
Which document is influenced by Enlightenment ideas of liberty and equality?
The Declaration of Independence
Who is known for the phrase ‘I think, therefore I am’?
René Descartes
Multiple choice: Which thinker is associated with the idea of tabula rasa?
A) Rousseau
B) Locke
C) Hobbes
B) Locke
What was the primary focus of Enlightenment thinkers?
To apply reason and scientific methods to human behavior and society.
True or False: Adam Smith is known for his ideas on capitalism and free markets.
True
Fill in the blank: The Enlightenment period is often referred to as the Age of _____ and Reason.
Light
Who argued that the best form of government is one that is based on the general will?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Which Enlightenment thinker emphasized empiricism and the scientific method?
Francis Bacon
What did Thomas Hobbes believe about human nature?
He believed humans are naturally selfish and violent.
Multiple choice: Who wrote ‘Candide’?
A) Hobbes
B) Voltaire
C) Rousseau
B) Voltaire
What concept did Immanuel Kant contribute to Enlightenment thought?
The idea of autonomy and moral law.
True or False: Enlightenment thinkers were generally supportive of absolute monarchy.
False
Fill in the blank: The Enlightenment led to the questioning of traditional _____ and authority.
beliefs
Which philosopher is known for the phrase ‘the greatest happiness for the greatest number’?
Jeremy Bentham
What did Mary Wollstonecraft advocate for?
Women’s rights and education.
Multiple choice: Who is known for his work on the separation of church and state?
A) Locke
B) Voltaire
C) Rousseau
B) Voltaire
What is the significance of the Enlightenment to modern democracy?
It laid the groundwork for democratic principles such as individual rights and government accountability.
Who criticized the social and political structures of his time in ‘The Prince’?
Niccolò Machiavelli
True or False: Enlightenment thinkers were unified in their views and ideas.
False
Fill in the blank: The Enlightenment is often considered a response to the _____ and religious dogma of the Middle Ages.
superstition
Which Enlightenment thinker is associated with the idea of ‘natural rights’?
John Locke
