Enlightenment thinkers

Question 1

Who is considered the father of modern philosophy?

Answer 1

René Descartes

Question 2

What is the main idea of John Locke’s social contract theory?

Answer 2

Governments derive their authority from the consent of the governed.

Question 3

True or False: Voltaire was known for his advocacy of civil liberties and freedom of speech.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The Enlightenment emphasized reason, individualism, and _____ over tradition.

Answer 4

science

Question 5

Which Enlightenment thinker wrote ‘The Social Contract’?

Answer 5

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 6

What did Montesquieu advocate for in terms of government structure?

Answer 6

Separation of powers

Question 7

Which document is influenced by Enlightenment ideas of liberty and equality?

Answer 7

The Declaration of Independence

Question 8

Who is known for the phrase ‘I think, therefore I am’?

Answer 8

René Descartes

Question 9

Multiple choice: Which thinker is associated with the idea of tabula rasa?
A) Rousseau
B) Locke
C) Hobbes

Answer 9

B) Locke

Question 10

What was the primary focus of Enlightenment thinkers?

Answer 10

To apply reason and scientific methods to human behavior and society.

Question 11

True or False: Adam Smith is known for his ideas on capitalism and free markets.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The Enlightenment period is often referred to as the Age of _____ and Reason.

Answer 12

Light

Question 13

Who argued that the best form of government is one that is based on the general will?

Answer 13

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 14

Which Enlightenment thinker emphasized empiricism and the scientific method?

Answer 14

Francis Bacon

Question 15

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about human nature?

Answer 15

He believed humans are naturally selfish and violent.

Question 16

Multiple choice: Who wrote ‘Candide’?
A) Hobbes
B) Voltaire
C) Rousseau

Answer 16

B) Voltaire

Question 17

What concept did Immanuel Kant contribute to Enlightenment thought?

Answer 17

The idea of autonomy and moral law.

Question 18

True or False: Enlightenment thinkers were generally supportive of absolute monarchy.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The Enlightenment led to the questioning of traditional _____ and authority.

Answer 19

beliefs

Question 20

Which philosopher is known for the phrase ‘the greatest happiness for the greatest number’?

Answer 20

Jeremy Bentham

Question 21

What did Mary Wollstonecraft advocate for?

Answer 21

Women’s rights and education.

Question 22

Multiple choice: Who is known for his work on the separation of church and state?
A) Locke
B) Voltaire
C) Rousseau

Answer 22

B) Voltaire

Question 23

What is the significance of the Enlightenment to modern democracy?

Answer 23

It laid the groundwork for democratic principles such as individual rights and government accountability.

Question 24

Who criticized the social and political structures of his time in ‘The Prince’?

Answer 24

Niccolò Machiavelli

Question 25

True or False: Enlightenment thinkers were unified in their views and ideas.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The Enlightenment is often considered a response to the _____ and religious dogma of the Middle Ages.

Answer 26

superstition

Question 27

Which Enlightenment thinker is associated with the idea of ‘natural rights’?

Answer 27

John Locke