Enlightenment People Flashcards
the Baron de Montesquieu
wrote the Spirit Laws
3 branches of government
each acts individually so no one branch has too much power
believed women should be equal to men and have a larger role in society
Blaise Pascal
belief in God gave people a guide
rejected those people who dismissed religion
Mary Wollstonecraft
wrote a Vindication of the Rights of Woman
dissed Rousseau’s point of view
support of feminism
defended woman’s rights
Galileo Galilei
believed in heliocentric and proved with his telescope that theory
gave church a book on his findings, church condemned him, Galileo admitted he was wrong to save his life
Thomas Hobbes
wrote Leviathan
desire for power and fear of death drove politics
religion is a system of laws
math could help everything
God gave us the idea of speech
all knowledge comes from outside ourselves
humans need someone to rule over them, we need a king
Nicolaus Copernicus
studied the universe
came up with the term heliocentric
(sun was the center of the universe)
Tycho Brahe
collected lots of info about the universe
rejected Copernicus’ idea of heliocentric universe
Thomas Paine
wrote Age of Reason
wrote of truthfulness and identity
Denis Diderot
wrote the first encyclopedia
Johannes Kepler
believed in heliocentric
had evidence that supported Copernicus
presented first version of the universe that presented motion
Scientific Method
proving the truths in the world to challenge the church
Laissez-faire
favors a limited role of government in economics (capitalism)
Enlightenment
the idea that economic and political reforms are possible and needed
Deism
belief religion and reason can be combined
Adam Smith
favored limited role of government in economics
created concept of laissez-faire
wrote Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
Francis Bacon
believed all knowledge comes from senses
said most knowledge is already obtained and we only need explanations
wrote The New Atlantis and The Advancement of Learning
2 divine scriptures: Bible and nature
Marquis Cesare Beccaria
reformed criminal law
courts should be used for the greater good of individuals
known for Rights of the Accused
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
genius who hated the world
believed people were good but the distribution of property corrupted them
believed woman should not be as educated as men
know for the social contract
Rene Descartes
wrote Meditations on First Philosophy
“I think therefore I am”
people need a system of knowledge and morality to live by
man could not have created the idea of God so God must exist
“Knowledge is acquired rather than the substance of knowledge itself
John Locke
rejected the idea of dynasties
believed in toleration and freedom of citizens
government was made to protect the life, liberty, and property of its people
humanity could improve itself
believed humans entered this world as a blank slate
known for natural rights
David Hume
wrote Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding
religion IS politics
“If God knows all, then he is the author of all criminality
learn from experience
“the greatest miracles is that people believe in miracles
Immanuel Kant
wrote What is the Enlightenment
citizens must be determined and have the courage to break free from the thought of the day and think on their own
wrote Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone
“Dare to Know”
there is no grey area
Voltaire
wrote a Treatise on Toleration
believed in freedom of speech and religion
wrote about idealism and belief
religion tells people to do good works and avoid bad practices
better to believe in a Creator than reject idea of him
questioned Christian teachings
Isacc Newton
discovered law of gravity every object in the universe is affected by gravity 2 divine scriptures: bible and nature presented clockmaker theory supported studying the natural universe started the Enlightenment
