Enlightenment People

Question 1

the Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 1

wrote the Spirit Laws
3 branches of government
each acts individually so no one branch has too much power
believed women should be equal to men and have a larger role in society

Question 2

Blaise Pascal

Answer 2

belief in God gave people a guide

rejected those people who dismissed religion

Question 3

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 3

wrote a Vindication of the Rights of Woman
dissed Rousseau’s point of view
support of feminism
defended woman’s rights

Question 4

Galileo Galilei

Answer 4

believed in heliocentric and proved with his telescope that theory
gave church a book on his findings, church condemned him, Galileo admitted he was wrong to save his life

Question 5

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 5

wrote Leviathan
desire for power and fear of death drove politics
religion is a system of laws
math could help everything
God gave us the idea of speech
all knowledge comes from outside ourselves
humans need someone to rule over them, we need a king

Question 6

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 6

studied the universe
came up with the term heliocentric
(sun was the center of the universe)

Question 7

Tycho Brahe

Answer 7

collected lots of info about the universe

rejected Copernicus’ idea of heliocentric universe

Question 8

Thomas Paine

Answer 8

wrote Age of Reason

wrote of truthfulness and identity

Question 9

Denis Diderot

Answer 9

wrote the first encyclopedia

Question 10

Johannes Kepler

Answer 10

believed in heliocentric
had evidence that supported Copernicus
presented first version of the universe that presented motion

Question 11

Scientific Method

Answer 11

proving the truths in the world to challenge the church

Question 12

Laissez-faire

Answer 12

favors a limited role of government in economics (capitalism)

Question 13

Enlightenment

Answer 13

the idea that economic and political reforms are possible and needed

Question 14

Deism

Answer 14

belief religion and reason can be combined

Question 15

Adam Smith

Answer 15

favored limited role of government in economics
created concept of laissez-faire
wrote Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

Question 16

Francis Bacon

Answer 16

believed all knowledge comes from senses
said most knowledge is already obtained and we only need explanations
wrote The New Atlantis and The Advancement of Learning
2 divine scriptures: Bible and nature

Question 17

Marquis Cesare Beccaria

Answer 17

reformed criminal law
courts should be used for the greater good of individuals
known for Rights of the Accused

Question 18

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 18

genius who hated the world
believed people were good but the distribution of property corrupted them
believed woman should not be as educated as men
know for the social contract

Question 19

Rene Descartes

Answer 19

wrote Meditations on First Philosophy
“I think therefore I am”
people need a system of knowledge and morality to live by
man could not have created the idea of God so God must exist
“Knowledge is acquired rather than the substance of knowledge itself

Question 20

John Locke

Answer 20

rejected the idea of dynasties
believed in toleration and freedom of citizens
government was made to protect the life, liberty, and property of its people
humanity could improve itself
believed humans entered this world as a blank slate
known for natural rights

Question 21

David Hume

Answer 21

wrote Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding
religion IS politics
“If God knows all, then he is the author of all criminality
learn from experience
“the greatest miracles is that people believe in miracles

Question 22

Immanuel Kant

Answer 22

wrote What is the Enlightenment
citizens must be determined and have the courage to break free from the thought of the day and think on their own
wrote Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone
“Dare to Know”
there is no grey area

Question 23

Voltaire

Answer 23

wrote a Treatise on Toleration
believed in freedom of speech and religion
wrote about idealism and belief
religion tells people to do good works and avoid bad practices
better to believe in a Creator than reject idea of him
questioned Christian teachings

Question 24

Isacc Newton

Answer 24

discovered law of gravity
every object in the universe is affected  by gravity 
2 divine scriptures: bible and nature
presented clockmaker theory 
supported studying the natural universe 
started the Enlightenment

Question 25

Edward Gibbon

Answer 25

wrote the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
says the fall of Romans was because they were working on too many protects at once
leaders should only do to help their country