Enlightenment Flashcards
What were the two sources of knowledge during the Middle Ages?
The Church and Ancient Greeks/Romans
When was the Scientific Revolution?
Mid 1500’s-1700’s
How did the Scientific Revolution begin?
-New ideas of the Renaissance, Reformation, Humanism, and Scholasticism
-Weakening of the Catholic Church, and the creation of the printing press.
What is the Scientific Revolution?
The idea that mathematics/ laws governed the universe and It could be “known, managed, and shaped by the people”
Nicolaus Copernicus
Heliocentric Theory
What is the Heliocentric Theory?
Earth revolves around the sun
Galileo
Invented Telescope + Proved the heliocentric theory
Why was the church mad about people believing in the heliocentric theory?
It challenged the bible
Johannes Kepler
Elliptical orbit of the planets
Isaac Newton
Laws of gravity and motion
What different fields did the Scientific Revolution cause advances in?
Medicine, the human body, scientific instruments (Microscope, Barometer, Thermometer)
Andreas Vesalius
Father of Anatomy
William Harvey
Circulation of blood
What did William Harvey use to demonstrate the circulatory system?
Deer
Edward Jenner
Introduced the first smallpox vaccine
When did Edward Jenner create the smallpox Vaccine?
The late 1700’s
What was the importance of the Scientific Revolution?
-Emphasis is placed on reason and observation to solve problems.
-Scientific Method/ Testing Hypotheses
Francis Bacon
Stressed scientific experimentation and observation
Rene Descartes
Emphasized human reasoning
What was Rene Descartes’ saying?
“I think therefore I am”
Thomas Hobbes
-Wrote Leviathan
-People are selfish, cruel, and greedy and should be protected from their own selfishness
-Believed in absolute rule
John Locke
-Protect the natural rights of people
-Life, Liberty, Property (Land)
-Wrote Two Treatises of Government
-Government can be overthrown if it does not do its job
Baron de Montesquieu
-Wrote The Spirit of Laws
-3 Branches of Government
What are the 3 branches of government
Legislative, Judicial, and Executive
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
-People were born good
-The Social Contract
-People should choose their government
-Hated all forms of political and economic oppression.
Voltaire
-Freedom of speech and religion
-“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
Who wrote the Bill of Rights
James Madison
Miguel de Cervantes
Wrote the first novel, called Don Quixote
Johann Sebastian Bach
Composer of Baroque music (same mood throughout)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Composer of Classical music (many mood changes throughout)
Eugene Delacroix
-Painters from the Romantic period
-Painted Liberty Leading the People
