Enlightenment and the Revolution Flashcards
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
“AGE OF REASON”/ THE IMPORTANCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL/PEOPLE HAVE THE RIGHT TO OVERTHROW ABUSIVE AND UNJUST GOVERNMENTS.
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS IN ACTION TO GET RID THE COLONISTS OF UNJUST RULE BY THE BRITISH KING.
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
THE FRENCH OVERTHROW THE KING, THE NOBILITY, AND THE CHURCH.
FRENCH INDEPENDENCE DAY, DATE:
JULY 14, 1789 (BASTILLE DAY)
BASTILLE:
FRENCH PRISON RAIDED ON 7/14/1789 FOR AMMUNITION AND WEAPONS. START OF THE REVOLUTION
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN WRITTEN BY WHO?
WRITTEN BY THE NEW “NATIONAL ASSEMBLY” PREVIOUSLY CALLED THE “3RD ESTATE”
ESTATES GENERAL:
3 CHAMBERED LEGISLATIVE BODY. IT HAS NOT MET FOR 175 YEARS. MEETING CALLED TO SOLVE FINANCIAL CRISIS. NEW TAXES PROPOSED ON THE 1ST AND 2ND ESTATES.
FIRST ESTATE:
THE CLERGY
SECOND ESTATE:
THE NOBILITY
THIRD ESTATE:
EVERYONE ELSE. 97-98% OF THE POPULATION OF FRANCE. 1ST AND 2ND ESTATES ALWAYS VOTE TOGETHER AGAINST THE 3RD ESTATE.
LOUIS XIV (14TH):
COMES TO THE THRONE AT AGE 5. KNOWN AS THE “SUN KING”. BUILDER OF VERSAILLES PALACE. WANTS TO PUT DISTANCE BETWEEN “HIS PEOPLE” AND HIMSELF.
LOUIS XV (15TH):
DID NOT WANT TO DO THE “BUSINESS OF GOVERNMENT”. HIS MISTRESS MADAME POMPADOUR WILL RUN THE COUNTRY WHILE HE “PARTIES”. DIES OF SMALL POX.
LOUIS XVI (16TH):
RULER DEPOSED AND EXECUTED FOR TREASON. A WEAK LEADER WHO OVERSPENT AND MISMANAGED THE FRENCH ECONOMY.
MARIE ANTOINETTE:
AUSTRIAN PRINCESS/ MARRIES LOUIS 16TH FOR POLITICAL ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE/ QUEEN OF FRANCE, “MADAME DEFICIT”/ WILD FASHIONS AND HAIR STYLES/ EXECUTED FOR TREASON AND DEPLETING THE NATIONAL TREASURY. REPRESENTS EVERYTHING WRONG WITH THE MONARCHY.
JEAN PAUL MARAT:
PUBLISHES PRO-REVOLUTION NEWSPAPER “FRIEND OF THE PEOPLE”. BELIEVES MORE KILLING WILL SOLVE THE REVOLUTION’S PROBLEMS/COUNTER REVOLUTIONARIES.
MAXIMILLION ROBESPIERRE:
LEADER OF THE REVOLUTION. LAWYER FOR THE POOR/ ENLIGHTENMENT BELIEVER. “THE TERROR” ENDS WITH HIS EXECUTION.
JACQUES NECKER:
FRENCH BANKS APPOINT HIM “FINANCE MINISTER” TO SOLVE THE FINANCIAL PROBLEMS. WANTS 1ST AND 2ND ESTATES TO PAY TAXES. HIS FIRING LEADS TO REVOLT
THE CONVENTION:
FORMALLY THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND THE 3RD ESTATE
JACOBINS:
RADICAL REVOLUTIONARY GROUP. ROBESPIERRE IS A MEMBER.
SANS CULOTTES:
MEANS “WITHOUT KNEE BRITCHES”/THEY ARE COMMON PEOPLE WHO SUPPORT THE REVOLUTION/ BECOME A PARISIAN MILITIA WHICH MURDERS 1600 PEOPLE.
TENNIS COURT OATH:
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY VOWS TO MEET UNTIL A NEW CONSTITUTION IS WRITTEN.
GUILLOTINE:
HUMANE (PAINLESS?) EXECUTION MACHINE. “ALL PEOPLE GET EQUAL TREATMENT”.
COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY:
GROUP OF 12 MEN THAT RULE AS A COLLECTIVE DICTATORSHIP/ MARTIAL LAW DECLARED/ REPUBLICAN (DEMOCRATIC) GOVERNMENT IS DISMISSED/ THE COMMITTEE RULES BY TERROR
DE-CHRISTIANIZATION AND THE NEW CALENDAR:
THE REVOLUTION TAKES OVER THE CATHOLIC CHURCH/PRIESTS ARE NOW ELECTED BY THE COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY, WHICH LATER ELIMINATES THE CHURCH/ NEW CALENDAR ELIMINATES “SUNDAYS”
COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARIES:
ALL OPPOSED TO THE REVOLUTION/CIVIL WAR BREAKS OUT IN REGIONS OUTSIDE OF PARIS/MODERATES WANT THE KILLING STOPPED/ MASS EXECUTIONS OF COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARIES/ 100K’S KILLED
REIGN OF TERROR:
COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY LEADS THE TERROR OF THE FRENCH PEOPLE/QUICK TRIALS AND EXECUTIONS/800 PEOPLE KILLED A MONTH DURING THE PEAK OF THE TERROR/ENDS WITH ROBESPIERRE’S EXECUTION
RATIONAL BEHAVIOR:
THINK THINGS THROUGH/ TALK AND NEGOTIATE DIFFERENCES/ NO OVER-REACTION.
IRRATIONAL BEHAVIOR:
ACT IMPULSIVELY/ NO FORETHOUGHT/ARGUE/FIGHT/EXPLOSIVE REACTIONS
AUSTRIA:
NEIGHBOR TO FRANCE/ MARIE ANTOINETTE USED FOR POLITICAL MARRIAGE/ FRANCE PREMPTIVELY DECLARES WAR ON AUSTRIA B/C EXPECTING AN ATTACK BY AUSTRIA
PRUSSIA:
ALLY OF AUSTRIA IN THE WAR AGAINST FRANCE/ MAJOR CONGTRIBUTION IN THE DEFEAT OF NAPOLEON AT THE BATTLE OF “WATERLOO”
THE CULT OF THE SUPREME BEING:
NEW “GODDESS OF REASON” REPLACES THE OLD“GOD”. NEW RELIGION TO REPLACES CHRISTIANITY DESIGNED BY ROBESPIERRE. PEOPLE THINK HE IS “NUTS” (LOST HIS MIND)
THE DIRECTORY:
5 MEMBER RULING GROUP REPLACES THE COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY/OVERTHROWN BY NAPOLEON BONAPARTE/ REPLACED BY A 3 MEMBER CONSULATE/ NAPOLEON BECOMES “1ST CONSUL” AND THEN “EMPEROR” UNDER NEW CONSTITUTION RATIFIED BY PLEBICITE (A VOTE)
COUP D’ETAT (COUP):
TRANSLATES AS “BLOW TO THE STATE”/ OVERTHROW OF EXISTING GOVERNMENT, USUALLY BY THE MILITARY.
NAPLOLEON BONAPARTE:
CORSICAN WHO VOLUNTEERS FOR THE FRENCH MILITARY/ ARTILLERY LEADER/BECOMES A WAR HERO BY SAVING THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT FROM COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARIES/ LEADS A COUP/ BECOMES EMPEROR OF FRANCE
NAPOLEONIC CODE:
NAPOLEON’S GREATEST DOMESTIC ACHIEVEMENT- A UNIFORM OF LAWS FOR HIS EMPIRE
BLOCKADE:
TACTIC PRACTICED BY THE FRENCH AND BRITISH TO STOP TRADE AND HURT EACHOTHER ECONOMICALLY
CONTINENTAL SYSTEM:
NAPOLEON BONPARTEE’S PLAN TO MAKE HIS EMPIRE ON THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE “SELF-SUFFICIENT” AND HURT BRITAIN ECONOMICALLY. THE BRITISH SMUGGLE GOODS AND USE BLOCKADE TO HURT FRANCE. A FAILURE FOR NAPOLEON
100 DAYS:
NAPOLEON’S RETURN TO POWER FROM EXILE ON THE ISLAND OF ELBE
WATERLOO:
NAPOLEON’S FINAL DEFEAT BY A COALITION OF EUROPEAN NATIONS/ 50% OF THE WINNING FORCE ARE PRUSSIANS.
CONGRESS OF VIENNA:
EUROPEAN VICTOR’S PLAN TO:
- ISOLATE FRANCE- GREATLY REDUCING IT’S POWER
- RESTORE THE “LEGITIMATE RULERS” (ROYAL FAMILIES)
- CREATE A “BALANCE OF POWER”- NO NATION STRONGER THAN ANOTHER
CONCERT OF EUROPE:
EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FORM A “HOLY ALLIANCE” (USE CHRISTIAN VALUES IN ALL DEALINGS) AND AGREE TO STOP ANY REVOLUTIONS IN EUROPE THAT WOULD DESTABILIZE ANY MONARCHY.
