Enlightenment and Revolution

Question 1

John Locke

Answer 1

Social Contract supporter. Believed in Natural rights (Life, Liberty, Property). Believed in Consent of the Governed and right to rebel.

Question 2

Montesquieu

Answer 2

Identified the Three Branches of Government (Executive, Legislative, Judicial). Believed there should be Checks and Balances between the branches.

Question 3

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 3

Social Contract supporter. Believed all men are born free, equal.

Question 4

Cesare Beccaria

Answer 4

Social Contract supporter who opposed “Cruel and Unusual Punishment.”

Question 5

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 5

Social Contract Supporter. Believed that humans are evil and so governments must be strong to keep people in check.

Question 6

Consent of the Governed

Answer 6

The idea that governments get their power from the people- when the people disapprove of the government they have the right to change it or rebel.

Question 7

Social Contract

Answer 7

The idea that citizens give up some freedoms they may have had in nature (like stealing and killing), so the government can protect our rights (life, liberty, property.)

Question 8

Enlightenment

Answer 8

After the Renaissance, people developed NEW ideas about human life (Government, science, art, etc.)

Question 9

Natural Law

Answer 9

The belief in unchanging rights and rules for all humans

Question 10

Natural Rights

Answer 10

The belief that humans are born with certain rights (life liberty, property) that can never be taken away

Question 11

Due Process

Answer 11

A guarantee of fairness in the legal process. Law enforcers (police, lawyer, judge) have rules to follow.

Question 12

Separation of Power

Answer 12

The Three Branches of Government (Legislative, Executive, Judicial) need to have separate roles and powers.

Question 13

Republic

Answer 13

A government system where the people choose who represents them in Government

Question 14

Direct Democracy

Answer 14

A government where all voters can vote on all issues and the majority wins.

Question 15

Scientific revolution

Answer 15

A time when math and science advanced very quickly and helped humans understand our place in society and nature.

Question 16

Salon

Answer 16

A gathering of enlightenment thinkers/artists where they could discuss and debate enlightenment ideas.

Question 17

Scientific Method

Answer 17

Made famous by Sir Francis Bacon. A specific process for properly conducting scientific discovery: observation, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, conclusion

Question 18

Declaration of Independence

Answer 18

Document created by American colonists to officially announce their separation from Britain. (AKA: they declared their independence!)

Question 19

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 19

Enlightenment thinker- used John Locke’s view of the Social Contract to justify the American Revolution/separation from Great Britain.

Question 20

Bill of Rights

Answer 20

Created by America’s Founding Fathers to limit the power of the government to protect our most basic Natural Rights.

Question 21

Checks and Balances

Answer 21

The idea that the Three Branches of Government need to be able to limit each other’s power. (Ex. The President can “veto” a law passed by Congress)

Question 22

American Revolution (1785-1783)

Answer 22

The American Colonies fought against British soldiers to obtain political independence- and established the US as an independent nation

Question 23

Glorious Revolution (1688)

Answer 23

Overthrow of the English king who was replaced by William of Orange and Mary. This lead to the English Bill of Rights, which influenced the American Founding.