Enlightenment And French Revolution: Sec 2

Question 1

Enlightened Absolutism

Answer 1

An absolute monarchy where the ruler follows the principles of the enlightenment by introducing reforms for the improvement of society, allowing freedom of speech and the press, permitting religious toleration, expanding education, and ruling in accordance with the laws

Question 2

Frederick II

Answer 2

Known as Frederick the great, Frederick was considered one of the best educated and most cultured monarchs of the eighteenth century. He enlarged the Prussian army, and kept strict watch over bureaucracy. Abolished the use of torture except in treason and murder cases, granted limited freedom of speech and press, and allowed complete religious toleration.

Question 3

“First servant of the state”

Answer 3

Frederick II considered himself the “first servant of the state”

Question 4

Reforms

Answer 4

make changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it.

Question 5

Empress Maria Theresa

Answer 5

She managed to make administrative reforms that helped centralize the Austrian empire, but they were done for practical reasons- to strengthen the power of the Habsburg state- and were accompanied by an enlargement and modernization of the armed forces.

Question 6

Joseph II

Answer 6

Believed in the need to sweep away anything standing in the path of reason. His reform program was far reaching- he abolished serfdom, abrogated the death penalty, and established the principle of equality of all before the law. Joseph produced drastic religious reforms as well, including complete religious toleration. Despite his efforts, they ultimately failed

Question 7

Catherine II

Answer 7

Catherine II the great was an intelligent woman who was familiar with the works of the philosophes and seemed to favor enlightened reforms. Catherine was skeptical impractical theories. She did