Enlightenment Flashcards
A secular, critical way of thinking in which nothing was to be accepted on faith, and everything was to be submitted to reason.
Rationalism
English Writer & poet, remembered for her travels to the Ottoman Empire, “the very first example of a secular work by woman about the Muslim Orient” , Introduced and advocated for smallpox inoculation.
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
French natural philosopher and mathematician, introduced the first and only translation of Newton’s ‘Principia’ into French.
Madame du Châtelet
Writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his criticism of Christianity—especially the Roman Catholic Church—as well as his advocacy of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.
Voltaire
Philosopher, art critic, and writer, best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopédi.
Diderot
French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher. He is the principal source of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.
Montesquieu
Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, and politician, who is widely considered as the most talented jurist and one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment.
Beccaria
French-German philosopher, encyclopedist, writer, and prominent figure in the French Enlightenment.
Baron d’Holbach
Belief in the existence of a supreme being, specifically of a creator who does not intervene in the universe.
Deism
German-Jewish philosopher to whose ideas the Haskalah.
Moses Mendelssohn
The Jewish Enlightenment
Haskalah
Genevan philosopher, writer and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic and educational thought.
Rousseau
English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women’s rights.
Wollstonecraft
Regular social gathering held by talented rich Parisians in their homes, where philosophers and their followers met to discuss literature, science, and philosophy.
Salon
British economist, philosopher, author, a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy, and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment, also known as ‘‘The Father of Economics’’ or ‘‘The Father of Capitalism’’.
Adam Smith
