Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Global hist. 2 > Enlightenment > Flashcards

Enlightenment Flashcards

1
Q

What determined truth before Sci Rev?

A

Greek/Roman authors or the Bible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Geocentric

A

Earth is the center of the universe; common thinking during the medieval times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

New way of thinking aboutthe natural world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Heliocentric

A

Sun in the center of the universe

Proving heliocentric: Copernicus -> Tycho Brahe -> Johannes Kepler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

his observations clashed against the Church’s
He used telescope to find undescovered stars and planets, eventually proposing heliocentric theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Scientific method

A

new approach to science (empricism)

Francis Bacon & René Descartes helped advance the approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Issac Newton

He was Christian and very religious

A

Discovered gravity & theory of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Three effects of scientific revolution

A

Scientific instruments improved; medicine drastically due to discovering bacteria; Chemestry emerged due to Boyle’s contributions (Boyle’s law)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Issace Newton famous quote

A

“If I have seen farther than others, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How did advances during the scientific revolution impact the world politically?

A

Awakened the drive to use reasoning to solve social problems. Started abandoning old “truths” to find the real truth. Played a big part in the emergence of The Enlightenment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Enlightenment

A

Intellectual movement stressing reason & thought and the power fo individuals to solve problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Created the social contract; believed people were selfish & wicked at their core, so a strong government was needed for proper order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Social Contract

A

Give up rights and freedoms in exchange for a strong ruler that will instill law & order.

by Thomas Hobbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

John Locke

A

Believed people can learn from experience and everyone had 3 basic rights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 basic human rights

A

Life, liberty, and property

proposed by John Locke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the pre-enlightenment idea of a monarchy?

A

Monarchs gain authority from divine right

Mandate of heaven/divine right of kings/the church’s approval

17
Q

What is the enlightenment idea of government & rulers?

A

Government’s power come from consent/ruled by the people/for the people

18
Q

Philosophes

A

mid-1700s social critics in France

believed in reason, nature, happiness, progress, and liberty

19
Q

François Marie Arouet (Voltaire)

A

published 70+ books of political essays, philosophy, and drama. Went against clergy, aristocracy, and government (got jailed & exiled)

20
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A

idolized the british government system but oversimplified many of the ideas when talking about them. These ideas were in “On the Spirit of Laws”

21
Q

Jean Jacques Rousseau

A

commited to individual freedom; disagreed with other enlightenment philosophes; separation of powers

(i.e. promoted a direct democracy)

22
Q

Cesare Bnesana Beccaria

A

overlayed the foundations of the modern court system for preserving social order

23
Q

Were philosophes revolutionaries? Why are they connected to revolutions?

A

Philosophes were not revolutionaries. They oulined and popuralized theories that inspired the American & French revolutions. They started the trend of a new way to think about social problems.

24
Q

What led to the belief that social problems can be solved by reason?

A

Scientific revolution

25
Q

What are the components of enlightenment?

A
  1. Government by the people, for the people
  2. People have natural rights
  3. Scientific reasoning can be used to solve social problems
26
Q

How did the scientific revolution provide a framework for Enlightenment?

A

Scientific revolution showed people the value of resoning. This leads to a dmino of ideologies emerging about social problems being dealt with logically. These ideas clashed with the Church and existing nobility & social class system; causing these ideas to be unresonable to support until Scientific Revolution helped bring it more popularity.

27
Q

Salons

A

social gatherings hosted by wealthy women in their large drawing rooms

28
Q

Marie Thérèse Geoffrin

A

helped finance Diderot’s Encyclopedia

29
Q

Diderot

A

a philosophe; known for publishing the first encylopedia

30
Q

Encylopedia

A

the first encylopedia (by Diderot) was a collection of articles and essays by scholars

French government hated this

31
Q

Baroq

A

grand, ornate design; very popular before enlightenment

32
Q

Neoclassical

A

emerged during the enlightenment; simple & elegant style with ideas & themes form classical Greek & Roman styles

33
Q

Classical

Specifically music that originated during the 1700s

A

emerged during the enlightenment preiod
good old classical music :)

34
Q

What popular medium did women use to express themselves during the Enlightenment?

A

(some) Women often wrote novels that became very popular. They became a way for people to esacpe reality and immerse themselves into another world.

35
Q

Enlightened despots

A

Kings/monarchs that embraced enlightened ideas and implemented reforms to rule justly

36
Q

Frederick the Great

A

king of Purssia; implemented religious tolerance, banned censorship, improved education, reformed justice system; called himself a “servant of the state”

37
Q

Joseph II

A

Ruled Austria; implemented legal reforms, freedom of press, freedom of worship, abolished serfdoms, made sure peasants got payed. Nobles HATED this, so after he died most reforms under him were undone

38
Q

Catherine the Great

A

Ruled Russia; in contact with philosophes, most notably exchanged letters with Voltaire; proposed many reforms via a commissions she created to check the laws of Russia; ended up implementing limited reforms. After an uprising of reasants, she realised she needed the support of the nobles to keep the throne, therefore she stopped focusing on enlightenment ideas. She also expanded Russia into the Black sea & partitioned Polands

Global hist. 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions