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🌹SocialStudies🌹 > 🌼Enlightenment 🌼 > Flashcards

🌼Enlightenment 🌼 Flashcards

1
Q

Reason

A

the ability of the mind to think clearly and understand; logic

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2
Q

Divine right of kings

A

the belief that kings and queens have a God- given right to rule, and that rebellion against them is a sin

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3
Q

gravitation

A

the attractive force existing between any

two objects that have mass; the force that pulls objects together

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4
Q

calculus

A

a type of advanced mathematics focused on the study of change

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5
Q

Life time of Isaac Newton? (when was he born and when did he die?)

A

1642-1727

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6
Q

When and where was Sir Isaac Newton born?

A

England, Christmas Day, 1642

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7
Q

What did Sir Isaac Newton discover?

A

The laws of gravitation and motion, and Calculus, and revealed the secrets of light and color

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8
Q

How long did it take Sir Isaac Newton to discover asll he did?

A

An eighteen month period

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9
Q

Who did Sir Isaac Newton follow?

A

Sir Francis Bacon

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10
Q

Life time of Sir Francis Bacon?

A

1561-1626

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11
Q

What did Sir Francis Bacon think about the past scientists?

A

They thought they should use their senses and conduct expirements for their theories.

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12
Q

What Society did a group of scientists create?

A

The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge.

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13
Q

What age did Sir Isaac Newton enter college?

A

19

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14
Q

What college did Sir Isaac Newton attend?

A

Cambridge

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15
Q

What did Sir Isaac Newton study at college?

A

Mathematics

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16
Q

Where did Sir Isaac Newton learn about chemistry?

A

A local pharmicist

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17
Q

What year did the plague start?

A

1665

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18
Q

Why did the university close?

A

A plague

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19
Q

epidemic

A

a situation in which a disease spreads to many people in an area or region

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20
Q

gravity

A

the gravitational force that occurs between Earth and other bodies; the force acting to pull objects toward Earth

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21
Q

Scholar

A

a person who specializes in a specific academic

subject; an expert

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22
Q

Where did Newton go when the university closed?

A

His childhod home in the country

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23
Q

How long did Newton stay at his childhood home and how were those years descirbed?

A

He stayed two years and they were described as the most productive years of his life.

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24
Q

How did Newton start thinking about gravity?

A

An apple fell from a tree and onto his head. He wondered how the apple fell.

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25
Q

What was the book that Newton wrote?

A

Mathimatical principles of natural philosophy

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26
Q

How did Newton describe gravity?

A

a forcee that pulls objects to the ground

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27
Q

Who did Descartes live with when he was a was young?

A

His grandmother

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28
Q

How old was Descartes when his mother died?

A

One year old

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29
Q

How old was Descartes when he went to boarding school?

A

Ten years old

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30
Q

Why could Descartes allowed to sleep in at his boarding school?

A

He was often sick as a boy

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31
Q

What did Descartes study after school and why?

A

Law because his family wanted him to

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32
Q

At what age did Descartes join the army?

A

twenty two

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33
Q

Why did Descccartes join the army?

A

He still liked to sleep in, have time alone to think, and travel

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34
Q

What was Descartes’ famous quote about hummman nature?

A

“I think, therefore I am”

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35
Q

What does Descartes’ famous quote mean?

A

If you have thoughts then you have to exist

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36
Q

What was Descartes’ famous book called?

A

Discourse on Method

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37
Q

What was Descartes’ book about?

A

If you are thinking you have to be alive and exsisting

38
Q

What did Descartes believe about theories?

A

you can not trust anything unless it is proven

39
Q

What is Descartes known as?

A

The Father Of Modern Philosophy

40
Q

How old was Thomas Hobbes when he went to college?

A

15

41
Q

What College did Hobbes go to?

A

Oxford

42
Q

What did Hobbes do after college?

A

He was a tutor for the son of a nobleman

43
Q

Who did Hobbes meet in France?

A

Descartes

44
Q

When Hobbes got back from France who was the conflict between?

A

The king and the parlament

45
Q

what is a parliment?

A

the original lawmaking branch of the English government that is made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons

46
Q

What was the conflict between the kings and the parlement in Hobbes time?

A

The king did not want to grant the parlament any power

47
Q

What kind of power did the king not want the parlament to have?

A

Lawmaking power

48
Q

Which side was hobbes on in the conflict?

A

the kings side

49
Q

Why did Hobbes flee?

A

He was worried because the parlament was threatening to take control and Hobbes was worried.

50
Q

Who won the conflict?

A

The parlament

51
Q

Who fled to France after the King’s execuation?

A

Prince Charles

52
Q

How did Hobbes know Prince Charles?

A

Hobbes tutored Prince Charles in mathematics

53
Q

What was Hobbes most famous book?

A

Leviathan

54
Q

What does Laviathan mean?

A

Sea Monster

55
Q

What does Hobbes’ book talk about?

A

It talks about how the government shoulld have all the power

56
Q

How did Hobbes view human nature?

A

Hobbes goes on to say that people are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish. He explains that they have two main desires: to feel pleasure and to avoid pain. People will do just about anything to meet those selfish ends,

57
Q

pessimist

A

a person who tends to see the worst in a situation or who believes the worst will happen

58
Q

social contract

A

an agreement among individuals in a society and a ruler or government; individuals give up some of their freedoms in exchange for protection by the ruler or government

59
Q

absolute monarchy

A

a government in which the king or queen has the unchecked authority to do whatever they want without any restrictions

60
Q

What were the two upsets when Hobbes returned from england?

A
  1. a plauge

2. a great fire

61
Q

What was Hobbes second book called?

A

Behemoth

62
Q

authoritarian

A

requiring absolute obedience to a ruler or government; not allowing personal freedom

63
Q

Natural rights

A

rights that all people are born with and that cannot be taken away by the government

64
Q

Where did Locke earn a scholarship to?

A

Oxford

65
Q

What did Locke study? What did he become

A

Medicine

Medical doctor

66
Q

What did Locke think about human nature?

A

People were not good or bad

The way people acted depended on their experiences

People were like blank pages/slates

67
Q

What is latin for blank slate?

A

Tabula Rosa

68
Q

What did Locke believe about polotics?

A

all humans should have life liberty and property

69
Q

Who is dr. Van Der Linden?

A

Lockes’ disguise

70
Q

Why did the king not like Locke?

A

He believed in an absolute monarchy

71
Q

Why did Locke flee?

A

He was put up for treason

72
Q

treason

A

disloyalty to a country by helping an enemy

73
Q

bill of rights

A

a series of laws that protect the liberties and freedoms of citizens

74
Q

How did the king get overthrown?

A

His daughter Mary and prince William became king and queen

75
Q

What happened after the king was overthrown?

A

The Palament gained a lot of power for themselves but also made the bill of rights

76
Q

radical

A

favoring large or widespread changes

77
Q

tolerate

A

to accept different beliefs or practices

78
Q

When did the amercian colnists think they could not handle Great Britain anymore?

A

1776

79
Q

tyranny

A

a type of government in which one person illegally seizes all power, usually ruling in a harsh and brutal way; a dictatorship

80
Q

What did Thomas Jefferson mostly write?

A

The Declaration Of Indapendence

81
Q

What was Jefferson’s first role?

A

First Secretary of state

82
Q

What was Jefferson’s second role?

A

second vice president

83
Q

What was Jefferson’s third role?

A

Third president of the U.S.

84
Q

What was the big thing Jefferon did as president?

A

The louisiana purchase

85
Q

What was the big thing Jefferon did as president?

A

The louisiana purchase

86
Q

insitute

A

to establish or start something new

87
Q

derive

A

to get something from a source

88
Q

Who was benjiman Franklin?

A

a philosophe

89
Q

What did Franklin invent?

A

electricity

90
Q

diplomat

A

a person who represents a government in its relationships with other governments

91
Q

delegate

A

a

representative

🌹SocialStudies🌹 (2 decks)

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