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🌹SocialStudies🌹 > 🌼Enlightenment 🌼 > Flashcards

🌼Enlightenment 🌼 Flashcards

1
Q

Reason

A

the ability of the mind to think clearly and understand; logic

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2
Q

Divine right of kings

A

the belief that kings and queens have a God- given right to rule, and that rebellion against them is a sin

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3
Q

gravitation

A

the attractive force existing between any

two objects that have mass; the force that pulls objects together

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4
Q

calculus

A

a type of advanced mathematics focused on the study of change

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5
Q

Life time of Isaac Newton? (when was he born and when did he die?)

A

1642-1727

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6
Q

When and where was Sir Isaac Newton born?

A

England, Christmas Day, 1642

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7
Q

What did Sir Isaac Newton discover?

A

The laws of gravitation and motion, and Calculus, and revealed the secrets of light and color

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8
Q

How long did it take Sir Isaac Newton to discover asll he did?

A

An eighteen month period

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9
Q

Who did Sir Isaac Newton follow?

A

Sir Francis Bacon

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10
Q

Life time of Sir Francis Bacon?

A

1561-1626

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11
Q

What did Sir Francis Bacon think about the past scientists?

A

They thought they should use their senses and conduct expirements for their theories.

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12
Q

What Society did a group of scientists create?

A

The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge.

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13
Q

What age did Sir Isaac Newton enter college?

A

19

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14
Q

What college did Sir Isaac Newton attend?

A

Cambridge

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15
Q

What did Sir Isaac Newton study at college?

A

Mathematics

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16
Q

Where did Sir Isaac Newton learn about chemistry?

A

A local pharmicist

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17
Q

What year did the plague start?

A

1665

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18
Q

Why did the university close?

A

A plague

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19
Q

epidemic

A

a situation in which a disease spreads to many people in an area or region

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20
Q

gravity

A

the gravitational force that occurs between Earth and other bodies; the force acting to pull objects toward Earth

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21
Q

Scholar

A

a person who specializes in a specific academic

subject; an expert

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22
Q

Where did Newton go when the university closed?

A

His childhod home in the country

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23
Q

How long did Newton stay at his childhood home and how were those years descirbed?

A

He stayed two years and they were described as the most productive years of his life.

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24
Q

How did Newton start thinking about gravity?

A

An apple fell from a tree and onto his head. He wondered how the apple fell.

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25
What was the book that Newton wrote?
Mathimatical principles of natural philosophy
26
How did Newton describe gravity?
a forcee that pulls objects to the ground
27
Who did Descartes live with when he was a was young?
His grandmother
28
How old was Descartes when his mother died?
One year old
29
How old was Descartes when he went to boarding school?
Ten years old
30
Why could Descartes allowed to sleep in at his boarding school?
He was often sick as a boy
31
What did Descartes study after school and why?
Law because his family wanted him to
32
At what age did Descartes join the army?
twenty two
33
Why did Descccartes join the army?
He still liked to sleep in, have time alone to think, and travel
34
What was Descartes' famous quote about hummman nature?
"I think, therefore I am"
35
What does Descartes' famous quote mean?
If you have thoughts then you have to exist
36
What was Descartes' famous book called?
Discourse on Method
37
What was Descartes' book about?
If you are thinking you have to be alive and exsisting
38
What did Descartes believe about theories?
you can not trust anything unless it is proven
39
What is Descartes known as?
The Father Of Modern Philosophy
40
How old was Thomas Hobbes when he went to college?
15
41
What College did Hobbes go to?
Oxford
42
What did Hobbes do after college?
He was a tutor for the son of a nobleman
43
Who did Hobbes meet in France?
Descartes
44
When Hobbes got back from France who was the conflict between?
The king and the parlament
45
what is a parliment?
the original lawmaking branch of the English government that is made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons
46
What was the conflict between the kings and the parlement in Hobbes time?
The king did not want to grant the parlament any power
47
What kind of power did the king not want the parlament to have?
Lawmaking power
48
Which side was hobbes on in the conflict?
the kings side
49
Why did Hobbes flee?
He was worried because the parlament was threatening to take control and Hobbes was worried.
50
Who won the conflict?
The parlament
51
Who fled to France after the King's execuation?
Prince Charles
52
How did Hobbes know Prince Charles?
Hobbes tutored Prince Charles in mathematics
53
What was Hobbes most famous book?
Leviathan
54
What does Laviathan mean?
Sea Monster
55
What does Hobbes' book talk about?
It talks about how the government shoulld have all the power
56
How did Hobbes view human nature?
Hobbes goes on to say that people are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish. He explains that they have two main desires: to feel pleasure and to avoid pain. People will do just about anything to meet those selfish ends,
57
pessimist
a person who tends to see the worst in a situation or who believes the worst will happen
58
social contract
an agreement among individuals in a society and a ruler or government; individuals give up some of their freedoms in exchange for protection by the ruler or government
59
absolute monarchy
a government in which the king or queen has the unchecked authority to do whatever they want without any restrictions
60
What were the two upsets when Hobbes returned from england?
1. a plauge | 2. a great fire
61
What was Hobbes second book called?
Behemoth
62
authoritarian
requiring absolute obedience to a ruler or government; not allowing personal freedom
63
Natural rights
rights that all people are born with and that cannot be taken away by the government
64
Where did Locke earn a scholarship to?
Oxford
65
What did Locke study? What did he become
Medicine Medical doctor
66
What did Locke think about human nature?
People were not good or bad The way people acted depended on their experiences People were like blank pages/slates
67
What is latin for blank slate?
Tabula Rosa
68
What did Locke believe about polotics?
all humans should have life liberty and property
69
Who is dr. Van Der Linden?
Lockes' disguise
70
Why did the king not like Locke?
He believed in an absolute monarchy
71
Why did Locke flee?
He was put up for treason
72
treason
disloyalty to a country by helping an enemy
73
bill of rights
a series of laws that protect the liberties and freedoms of citizens
74
How did the king get overthrown?
His daughter Mary and prince William became king and queen
75
What happened after the king was overthrown?
The Palament gained a lot of power for themselves but also made the bill of rights
76
radical
favoring large or widespread changes
77
tolerate
to accept different beliefs or practices
78
When did the amercian colnists think they could not handle Great Britain anymore?
1776
79
tyranny
a type of government in which one person illegally seizes all power, usually ruling in a harsh and brutal way; a dictatorship
80
What did Thomas Jefferson mostly write?
The Declaration Of Indapendence
81
What was Jefferson's first role?
First Secretary of state
82
What was Jefferson's second role?
second vice president
83
What was Jefferson's third role?
Third president of the U.S.
84
What was the big thing Jefferon did as president?
The louisiana purchase
85
What was the big thing Jefferon did as president?
The louisiana purchase
86
insitute
to establish or start something new
87
derive
to get something from a source
88
Who was benjiman Franklin?
a philosophe
89
What did Franklin invent?
electricity
90
diplomat
a person who represents a government in its relationships with other governments
91
delegate
a | representative

🌹SocialStudies🌹 (2 decks)

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