Enlightened Thinkers, 19th + 20th Century Thinkers Flashcards
Where was Rousseau from?
France
What did Rousseau believe?
“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains”
“Social Contract” is a book he wrote: Monarchs do not have the divine power to rule, only the people can rule.
Influenced the French Revolution
Where was Voltaire from?
France
What did Voltaire believe?
He believed in the separation of church and state
Advocated for freedom of religion
Advocated for freedom of speech
(even if he disagreed with what you said he would fight for your right to say it)
Men are equal
Where was Paine from?
England
Moved to America
What did Paine believe?
He argued that monarchs are unjust
He wrote the pamphlet “Common Sense”; it demanded American independence from Britain
Government should be based on popular support
Election instead of appointed
Where did Thomas Jefferson live?
USA
What did Tomas Jefferson believe?
He believed that the government should serve the people
Goverment should ensure that people are free to exercise their rights.
What were the ideas of the 19th century thinkers
Socialism
- created from the failure of the French Revolution
- and rise of the industrial revolutaion
- from a mixture of German, French and British idealists
- questioned the role of the state in helping the individual
- Marx, Proudhon, Owen, Chartism, Fabians
What was the split between
the 2 leaders of socialsim?
-
Bakunin - wanted decentralized leadership
* committee Democarcy
2. Marx - wanted centralized leadership
- cadre Authoritarian
20th Century Thinkers
- post 1918 WWI
- many Europeans saw the old ways as weak
- they witnessed ineffective resistance to ccommunism
- looking for a more direct approach
- “new man” mentality
-
Fascism was created
- Italy 1920s
- Germany + Spain 1930s
What is the main idea of Liberalism?
“to each their own”
The new wealthy class of Europe (bourgeoise) became advocated for reform allowing them to gain more power which was limited in the old system
Weatlhy class came from the rise of trade and colonialsim and decline of the church
Collection of thinkers - not one person
What are the general interests of Liberalism?
- Representative government
- Legal reform
- Economic Reform
