ENH 220 Pathophysiology Flashcards
What is the basic cell structure?
hint (6)
Organelles, lipid bilayer, nucleus, cytoplasm, cytosol, plasma membrane
Passive transport - two types
One is simple diffusion where the particles diffuse thru the membrane. The second os facilitated diffusion where there is a channel protein and the particles go thru that channel.
Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia?
Hypertrophy - increase in cell size due to workload or hormone issues
Hyperplasia - controlled increase in number of cells (controlled division).
Metaplasia and dysplasia?
metaplasia - reversible cdll type change caused by irritation or inflammation
dysplasia - the abnormal cell development - uncontrolled death programmed death. (cell aging)
3 types of connective tissues?
collagen fibers - connect and support
elastic fibers - distensibility of arteries
reticular fibers - form supporting framework
What is innate immunity?
It is the bodies first defence mechanism that provides immediate response. It fights different pathogens, like virus, infection, etc.
Furthermore, it is a rapid response and can trigger inflammation for protection.
What are the 3 barriers/defense of innate immunity?
Physical barrier - skin, mucus
Cellular defense - types of protective cells, like phagocytic cells, or killer cells.
Chemical defence - uses proteins that are released at the sit of infection, virus, etc.
What is Adaptive Immunity?
It is a long lasting protection against pathogens, containing B and T cells.
Humoral Immunity?
It uses antibodies to prevent pathogens. It neutralizes bacteria, doing so it can prevent the attachment to host cells.
Two types of bacteria classifications?
Gram-positive (stains purple) or gram-negative (stains red)
What does the muscular pump do?
It pushes blood through the lungs to the tissues.
What is Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathy?
Myocarditis - inflammation
cardiomyopathy - enlargement
