ENGR 107 Final Exam Review

Question 1

What is the product verification process?

Answer 1

It is a process that verifies that a system or product meets system specifications or requirements.

Question 2

What question does the verification process answer?

Answer 2

Are we building the product right?

Question 3

What is the product validation process?

Answer 3

It is a process that validates that a system or product meets customer requirements or needs.

Question 4

What question does the product validation process answer?

Answer 4

Are we building the right product?

Question 5

What are the four fundamental methods of verification?

Answer 5

Inspection, Demonstration, Test, and Analysis

Question 6

What does inspection involve?

Answer 6

Visual examination of an end product,

Question 7

When is inspection generally used?

Answer 7

It is generally used to verify physical design features or specific manufacturer identification

Question 8

What is an example of the inspection method being utilized?

Answer 8

Visually examining a car to ensure that it has windows, power adjustable seats, AC, etc.

Question 9

What does demonstration involve?

Answer 9

Using the product as it is intended to be used to verify the results are as planned or expected

Question 10

What is an example of the demonstration process being used?

Answer 10

The portion of the Design Project where a demonstration of the project is given. The purpose of this demonstration is to prove that the product works like it should and fulfills the given requirements.

Question 11

What is the purpose of testing?

Answer 11

Producing data at specific points for each specified requirement under controlled conditions.

Question 12

What are some examples of tests that could be performed on a product?

Answer 12

Wanting to show that a car speeds up within a certain time frame, it accelerates properly, and it slows down appropriately.

Question 13

What does analysis involve?

Answer 13

Verification of a product or system using models, calculations, and testing equipment

Includes the use of mathematical modeling and simulation as analytical tools

Question 14

What are some examples of analysis being used?

Answer 14

Completing a series of tests for a car. Which rev the engine is at at a specific revolution per minute (rpm) for a set length of time, while monitoring engine vibration and temp, to verify that the expected results have been achieved.

The info can be used to model the failure point of the engine, such as the max rpm sustained over a specific time period.

Question 15

What are the different types of verification outputs?

Answer 15

Product Verification Report, Discrepancy Reports, and Compliance Documentation

Question 16

What is a Product Verification Report?

Answer 16

A report that shows the results of
the verification activities.

Question 17

What is a Discrepancy Report?

Answer 17

A report where results that do not make sense are recorded.

Question 18

What is Compliance Documentation?

Answer 18

Documentation to ensure that all applicable rules / regulations are complied with.

Question 19

What is an example scenario that would require Compliance Documentation?

Answer 19

If an electrical product is being created, you need to make sure that it complies with the rules / regulations in your country. (Only a consideration when the product is being released to the market.)

Question 20

The National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) created a list of 5 standards of ethical behavior for engineers to follow in their professional lives. What are they?

Answer 20

1. Protecting Public Safety
2. Acting with Integrity
3. Being honest in public
   communications
4. Only performing tasks that they are qualified to do
5. Remaining faithful and trustworthy to employers

Question 21

How does an engineer protect public safety?

Answer 21

1. By using standard and approved materials.
2. By following the appropriate set(s) of engineering procedures.

Question 22

How do engineers act with integrity and honesty?

Answer 22

1. By remaining honest in all of their transactions
2. Even when faced with a dilemma or other pressures in their duty, remaining honest.

Question 23

How do engineers protect clients and employers?

Answer 23

1. By maintaining discretion when dealing with their clients’ info.
   Ex. name, age, gender, location, etc.
2. By preserving this info unless the client states otherwise.

Question 24

How do engineers ensure ethical decision making in areas of uncertainty?

Answer 24

By choosing the decision that is ethical and serves the interest of the society rather than individual gain.

Question 25

What is a verified product?

Answer 25

A final product once it has gone through the verification process and it complies with all of the established rules / requirements.

Question 26

What is an example of a verified product?

Answer 26

The pill dispenser my group presented, since we tested it out and made sure it met all of the rules / requirements.

Question 27

What is Cybersecurity?

Answer 27

The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks.

Question 28

How can you ensure data confidentiality?

Answer 28

1. Encrypt sensitive data, such as credit card numbers or PII, when you transmit it over networks or store it on computers. 2. Use access controls, such as user authentication and authorization, to limit who can access sensitive data and what they can do with it. 3. Use physical controls, such as locks and security cameras, to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data in physical locations, such as data centers or office buildings.

Question 29

Which aspect of CIA does phishing mainly impact? How would you prevent a phishing attack by knowing this info?

Answer 29

Confidentiality 1. Encrypt sensitive data, such as credit card numbers or PII, when you transmit it over networks or store it on computers. 2. Use access controls, such as user authentication and authorization, to limit who can access sensitive data and what they can do with it. 3. Use physical controls, such as locks and security cameras, to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data in physical locations, such as data centers or office buildings.

Question 30

How can you ensure data availability?

Answer 30

1. Deploy redundant systems, so that if one system fails the others can continue to operate and provide the data needed. 2. Use load balancers, which distribute incoming requests across multiple systems so that no one system becomes overwhelmed and unavailable 3. Run regular quality control tests to help identify availability issues before they cause disruptions

Question 31

What is a phishing attack?

Answer 31

Email, text, or voice messages that trick users into downloading malware, sharing sensitive info, of sending funds to the wrong people Fraudulent emails that resemble emails from reputable sources

Question 32

Which aspect of the CIA Triad is Malware most related to? How would you prevent a malware attack based on this info?

Answer 32

Integrity 1. Data should be stored in physically secure locations 2. Encrypt data and securely store the encryption key 3. Audit data access and changes regularly 4. Use cyber analysis tools to monitor the flow of info and users into, through, and out of your systems, and address irregularities quickly 5. Create a data backup and restoration strategy

Question 33

How can you ensure data integrity?

Answer 33

1. Data should be stored in physically secure locations 2. Encrypt data and securely store the encryption key 3. Audit data access and changes regularly 4. Use cyber analysis tools to monitor the flow of info and users into, through, and out of your systems, and address irregularities quickly 5. Create a data backup and restoration strategy

Question 34

What is Ransomware?

Answer 34

A type of malicious software (malware) Designed to extort money by blocking access to files or the computer system until the ransom is paid Paying the ransom does not guarantee that the files will be recovered or the system restored

Question 35

Which aspect of the CIA Triad is Ransomware most related to? How would you prevent a ransomware attack based on this info?

Answer 35

Availability 1. Deploy redundant systems, so that if one system fails the others can continue to operate and provide the data needed. 2. Use load balancers, which distribute incoming requests across multiple systems so that no one system becomes overwhelmed and unavailable 3. Run regular quality control tests to help identify availability issues before they cause disruptions

Question 36

What is a Distributed Denial of Service (DDos) attack?

Answer 36

Attempts to crash a server, website, or network by overloading it with traffic (usually from a botnet)

Question 37

Which aspect of the CIA Triad is a DDos most related to? How would you prevent a DDos attack based on this info?

Answer 37

Availability 1. Deploy redundant systems, so that if one system fails the others can continue to operate and provide the data needed. 2. Use load balancers, which distribute incoming requests across multiple systems so that no one system becomes overwhelmed and unavailable 3. Run regular quality control tests to help identify availability issues before they cause disruptions

Question 38

What is a botnet?

Answer 38

A network of multiple distributed systems that a cybercriminal hijacks using malware and operates via remote control