Englishes in contact

Question 1

Singlish

Answer 1

Context:
only used in informal context, everyday situations/ not in formal
Eng = essential + lingua franca

Evidence:
Repetition of words = emphasis
“She did it already” -> past tense marked lexically. X verbs
“She scared” -> elision of to be
“She put dress on lah” -> Discourse particle

Quotes:
“Singapore lacks cultural markers” (singlish notes)
“Adapting english into singlish creates a language that meets this need”

Link:
Creation of linguistic identity
In group membership
benefits of english

Question 2

Aboriginal English

Answer 2

Context:
Colonisation of Aus lead to death of ATI languages so they needed a way of com with the settlers

Evidence:
“Booliman” -> Police in QLD whilst “Monatj” -> NSW (semantics)
syntax = Plural marked lexically eg “Lotsa money”

Quotes:
“Language is an expression of our culture and land” (QLD ATI Committee)
“use of Aboriginal english is a threat to FNL” (Aboriginal english notes)

Link:
ATI culture + identity
ATI words integrated into standard english

Question 3

Hinglish

Answer 3

Context:
Brit landed in 1608
eng was language of the goverment, social elite and universities
Hing = considered a lingua franca

Evidence:
V and W sound = “Housewife” as “Housevife”
Borrowings = Durzi (tailor) + triffin (lunch)
Syntax non continious nouns as continious such as EqupimentS and FurnitieS

Quotes:
“To give millions of knowledge of english is too enslave them” (Ghandi)

Link:
-Impact of colonisation in India
-Eng was used to divide social classes
-Knowing eng = superior and well educated