English Words Flashcards
Allusion
Allusion is when one refers to the words of someone else. Including allusion in a speech gives it more ethos.
Attention grabber
You can grab the audience’s attention in several ways, with a quote, a joke, or a big, bold statement.
Bond
Gaining a rapport with your audience is easier when you say inclusive plurals like ‘we’, ‘our’, or ‘us’. Bond is very much a part of ethos.
Destination
Where is this speech going? Why should people continue to listen?
Figurative speech
Using metaphors and similes is one way of making abstract ideas become concrete.
Parallelisms
A parallelism is grammatical construction in which the form of several sentence parts line up nicely in a sequence.
Varied sentence length
Long sentences with many clauses, which state several points related to the main point like this one, can become highly effective when off-set with a kind of powerful punchy small sentence that follows shortly thereafter. This is one
ANAPHORA
the Greek term used to describe the repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.
SEMANTIC FIELD (or lexical field)
a set of words related in meaning (eg. colors, kinship relations, body parts, war terms); A group of words that are related or analogous in meaning, and are often connected with a particular context of use. An alternative, similar term sometimes used by linguists is lexical cluster. Thus, words such as goal, offside, corner kick, and referee could be said to belong to the semantic field of football (soccer). This is rather benign. However, a newspaper article that is oppositional to immigration containing words like swamped, flooded, and deluged is arguably a less benevolent semantic field.
DEICTIC
specifying identity or spatial or temporal location from the perspective of one or more of the participants in an act of speech or writing, in the context of either the external situation or the surrounding discourse (eg. we, here, now, the former); that is, the meaning depends on who is talking, who they are talking to, where they are. Words that point in various directions, within a text and beyond it. For example, ‘down there’, ‘this’, ‘that’ etc. Deictic expressions may also point in time, as in ‘now’, ‘then’, and ‘next year’.
How to use “graphological
“This text is full of interesting graphological features such as the use of the Coca Cola font in order to subvert the company’s activities”
Graphology
The visual aspect of a text, including layout, font, and image.
“This text is full of interesting graphological features such as the use of the Coca Cola font in order to subvert the company’s activities.”
Paralanguage
Aspects of communication functioning in conjunction with verbal language. For example, facial expression and body posture.
Modality!
This means that modals express a range of functions in
English. They express likelihood, ability, permission, and obligation.
Inclusive Language
Hooking with the reader (we, you, us)
Synthetic Personalisation
process of addressing mass audiences as though they were individuals through inclusive language usage.
Voice
Refers to many aspects of language including word choice, verb tense, tone and imagery.
Logos
Logos is a literary device that can be defined as a statement, sentence or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic.
Logos mostly employs the utilization of inductive and deductive reasoning methods to be effective. There are many examples of logos in literature and in debates.
Types of Logos
Inductive reasoning – Inductive reasoning involves a specific representative fact or case which is drawn towards a conclusion or generalization. However, inductive reasoning requires reliable and powerful evidence that is presented to support the point.
Deductive reasoning – Deductive reasoning involves generalization at the initial stage and then moves on towards the specific case. The starting generalization must be based on reliable evidence to support it at the end.
Ethos
In rhetoric, ethos represents credibility or an ethical appeal which involves persuasion by the character involved.
Pathos
Pathos is a quality of an experience in life or a work of art that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy and sorrow. Pathos can be expressed through words, pictures or even with gestures of the body.
Pathos is an important tool of persuasion in arguments. Pathos is a method of convincing people with an argument drawn out through an emotional response.
