English Word Elements Flashcards

Learn 100 useful words to help you become more articulate. Half of these flashcards show you a common English vocabulary word and ask you for its definition, while the other half show you a definition and ask you which word it describes. Cards are appended with sample sentences and synonyms.

1
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

a, an

A

without or not

anarchy (without government)
atheist (not a theist)

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2
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

ab

A

apart or away from

abduct (take away from)
aberration (a deviation or element that strays from the usual)

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3
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

ad

A

to or toward

adhere (to stick to)
adage (a saying, literally “to say”)

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4
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

ag

A

to act

agent (one who acts)
agenda (schedule of items to be discussed)
agitate (to move violently)

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5
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

amphi, ambi

A

both or both sides

ambidextrous (using both hands)
amphibian (an organism that lives on land and water)

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6
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

ante

A

before

antebellum (before a war)
antecedent (one that precedes another)

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7
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

anthro

A

man

anthropology (the study of humans)
philanthropy (love of mankind)

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8
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

anti

A

against

antibody (a protein that targets foreign agents in the body)
antithesis (a contrasting idea)

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9
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

aqua

A

water

aquatic (pertaining to water)
aqueduct (water channel)

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10
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

arch

A

ruler or chief

archangel (chief angel)
archbishop (highest level of bishop)

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11
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

archeo

A

ancient

archaic (very old)
archaism (an old-fashioned word)

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12
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

argent

A

silver

argental (containing silver)

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13
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

arthro

A

joint

arthritis (condition that stiffens the joints)
arthropod (invertebrate animal with jointed limbs)

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14
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

astro

A

star

astronomy (study of celestial objects)
astrogeny (theory of the origin of stars)

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15
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

audi

A

hearing or sound

audible (able to be heard)
auditorium (a place to hear a performance)

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16
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

aug, auct

A

grow or increase

augment (to make bigger)
augend (Math.: the number increased by the addend)

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17
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

auto

A

self

autonomy (self-rule)
autogamy (self-fertilization)

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18
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

batho

A

deep or depth

bathophobia (fear of depths)
bathybic (living in the deepest part of the ocean)

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19
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

belli

A

war

antebellum (before war)
bellicose (inclined to fight)

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20
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

ben

A

good or well

benign (not harmful)
benediction (a blessing)

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21
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

bi

A

two

biannual (happening twice a year)
bifurcate (to branch in two directions)

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22
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

bibl

A

book

bibliography (a list of books cited)
bibliophile (lover of books)

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23
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

bio

A

life

biology (the study of life)
biography (writing about one’s life)

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24
Q

What is the denotation of the following word element(s)?

boni

A

good

bonify (to make good)
bonus (extra goods)

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25
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? brachio
arm ## Footnote **bracelet** (chain worn on arm) **brachiate** (having arms)
26
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? brady
slowness ## Footnote **bradycrotic** (causing slow pulse) **bradylogia** (slowness in speaking)
27
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? brevi
short ## Footnote **brevity** (briefness) **breviloquence** (concise speech)
28
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? bronch
windpipe ## Footnote **bronchitis** (condition affecting breathing) **bronchoscope** (instrument used to view air passages)
29
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? bull
to bubble or boil ## Footnote **ebulliate** (to boil or bubble) **ebullient** (bubbling up, literally or figuratively)
30
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? burs
financial ## Footnote **bursar** (financial administration office) **reimburse** (to pay back)
31
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? caco
bad ## Footnote **cacosmia** (a hallucination of a bad odor) **cacophony** (unpleasant sound)
32
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? cad, cid, cas
fall or befall ## Footnote **decadent** (declining or decaying) **casualty** (a loss or death)
33
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? calc
stone ## Footnote **calculate** (to work something out) **recalcitrance** (defiance or stubbornness)
34
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? calli
beautiful ## Footnote **calligraphy** (beautiful writing)
35
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? camer
vault or chamber ## Footnote **bicameral** (with two chambers) **incameration** (uniting lands into one chamber belonging to the Church)
36
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? camp
field ## Footnote **campus** (land a school is on) **campaign** (a military or political undertaking)
37
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? cant
sing ## Footnote **chant** (rhythmically spoken slogan) **cantor** (the head singer in a synagogue or church)
38
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? cand
glowing or iridescent ## Footnote **candle** **incandescent** (illuminated)
39
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? cap, cip, capt, cept
to take or hold ## Footnote **capable** (ability to do or take hold) **emancipate** (to free from bondage) **capture** (to take into possession) **intercept** (to block / hold back someone from reaching a destination)
40
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? capit, cipit
head ## Footnote **capital** (main city) **decapitate** (to behead)
41
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? carcer
jail ## Footnote **incarcerate** (to put in jail) **carceral** **state** (a police state)
42
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? cardio
heart ## Footnote **acardiac** (without a heart) **pancarditis** (inflammation of the entire heart)
43
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? carn
flesh ## Footnote **incarnation** (the flesh form) **carnal** (of the flesh)
44
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ceas, cede, ceed, cess
to yield, move, or surrender ## Footnote **succeed** (to move up) **exceed** (to move beyond) **recede** (retreat back)
45
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? centr, centri
center ## Footnote **eccentric** (off center or strange) **Eurocentric** (centered on Europe)
46
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? chron
time ## Footnote **chronology** (timeline) **chronic** (lasting a long time)
47
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? cide, cis
to kill or cut down ## Footnote **genocide** (the extermination of a race) **incisors** (teeth that cut)
48
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? circum
around ## Footnote **circumference** (the area around) **circumstance** (the situation surrounding an event)
49
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? civ
citizen ## Footnote **civics** (the rights and responsibilities of a citizen) **civilian** (a citizen not in the military)
50
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? clam
to cry out ## Footnote **clamor** (loud shouting) **declaim** (to denounce loudly)
51
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? clud, clus, claus
to close or shut ## Footnote **exclude** (to shut out) **to cloister** (to shut away in a secluded place) **claustrophobic** (afraid of closed spaces)
52
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? col, con, com
together ## Footnote **collectively** (all together) **conjoined** (stuck together)
53
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? cogn, gnos
to know or think ## Footnote **cognition** (process of thinking) **agnostic** (one who doesn't know)
54
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? contra, counter
opposite ## Footnote **contradiction** (statement that opposes a previous statement or intent) **counterintuitive** (opposite of what one would expect)
55
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? cour, cur, curs
a course or run ## Footnote **current** (running its course at the moment) **courier** (one who "runs" to send messages)
56
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? crat, cracy
rule ## Footnote **autocrat** (one person who rules alone) **plutocracy** (rule by the rich)
57
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? macr, macer
lean ## Footnote **emaciation** (abnormal thinness)
58
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? magn
great ## Footnote **magnificent** (splendid)
59
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? main
foremost ## Footnote **mainstream** (dominant course) **mainsail** (the principal sail)
60
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? mal
bad or badly ## Footnote **malformation** (bad structure) **malady** (disease of the body)
61
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? man, manu
hand, make, do ## Footnote **manual** (worked by the hands) **manufacture** (the making of goods)
62
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? mand
command ## Footnote **mandatory** (authoritatively ordered) **remand** (to send a case back to a lower court with instructions)
63
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? mania
madness ## Footnote **maniac** (insane person) **kleptomania** (a madness causing a person to steal)
64
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? mar, mari, mer
sea ## Footnote **marine** (pertaining to the sea) **mermaid** (mythical sea creature)
65
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? matri
mother ## Footnote **maternal** (relating to the mother) **matronly** (relating to a mature woman)
66
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? medi
half, middle, between ## Footnote **mediate** (to occupy an intermediate place or position) **medieval** (pertaining to the middle ages)
67
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? mega
great, million ## Footnote **megaton** (one million tons) **megalomaniac** (person obsessed with doing grand things)
68
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? mem
recall, remember ## Footnote **commemoration** (a service or celebration in memory of a person or event) **memento** (an object that serves to remind you of a person)
69
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ment
mind ## Footnote **mental** (of or pertaining to the mind) **menticulture** (improvement of the mind)
70
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? meso
middle ## Footnote **mesosphere** (the region between the stratosphere and the thermosphere) **Mesoamerica** (Central America)
71
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? meta
beyond, change ## Footnote **metamorphosis** (a complete change of form or structure) **metabolism** (chemical changes of living cells by which energy is provided)
72
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? meter
measure ## Footnote **thermometer** (instrument that measures temperature) **barometer** (instrument that measures air pressure)
73
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? metr
to measure or apportion ## Footnote **parameter** (a measure that describes a statistical population) **metric** (something that measures)
74
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? micro
small, millionth ## Footnote **microvolt** (one millionth of a volt) **microgram** (one millionth of a gram)
75
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? migra
wander ## Footnote **migrate** (to wander) **migrant** (one who wanders)
76
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? mit, miss
to send ## Footnote **emit** (to send out) **permit** (to send permission)
77
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? mob, mov, mot
move ## Footnote **motion** **mobility** (ability to move)
78
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? mon
warn, remind ## Footnote **premonition** (forewarning) **admonition** (warning in response to a transgression)
79
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? mono
one ## Footnote **monotonous** (uttered in one unvarying tone) **monotheism** (the belief in only one god)
80
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? mor, mort
mortal, death ## Footnote **mortuary** (of or relating to death) **immortal** (insusceptible to death)
81
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? morph
shape or form ## Footnote **morphology** (branch of biology which deals with the form and structure of animals and plants) **polymorphic** (the quality or state of existing in different forms)
82
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? multi
many, much ## Footnote **multilingual** (the ability to speak many languages) **multitude** (a great number of people)
83
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? nano
billionth ## Footnote **nanosecond** (a billionth of a second) **nanotechnology** (technology on the scale of nanometers)
84
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? nasc, nat, gnant, nai
to be born ## Footnote **nascent** (coming or recently come to existence) **pregnant** (containing a developing embryo)
85
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? nat, nasc
to be from or spring forth ## Footnote **innate** (determined by factors present in an individual from birth) **renaissance** (rebirth or revival)
86
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? neo
new ## Footnote **neologism** (new word) **neonate** (a newborn child)
87
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? neur
nerve ## Footnote **neurological** (pertaining to the nervous system) **innervate** (to imbue with nervous energy)
88
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? nom
law or order ## Footnote **autonomy** (the right of self government)
89
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? nom, nym
name ## Footnote **nominate** (to name for an election) **synonym** (a word with the same meaning as another)
90
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? nomin, nomen
name ## Footnote **nomenclature** (the act or process or an instance of naming) **ignominy** (having one's name shamed)
91
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? non
nine or not ## Footnote **nonagon** (from Latin *nonus*, a polygon with nine sides and nine angles) **nonferrous** (not containing or including iron)
92
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? nov
new ## Footnote **renovate** (to restore to a newer state) **innovate** (to produce something new)
93
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? nox, noc
night ## Footnote **equinox** (the day on which daylight and nighttime are of approximately equal length) **nocturnal** (occurring in the night)
94
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? numer
number ## Footnote **numeral** (of or relating to numbers) **innumerable** (too many to be numbered)
95
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ob, oc, op
against or in the way of ## Footnote **obstruct** (to block) **occlude** (to shut or stop an opening)
96
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? oct
eight ## Footnote **octagon** (a polygon which has eight angles and eight sides) **octave** (*Mus.*: an interval composed of eight diatonic tones)
97
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? oligo
few, little ## Footnote **oligosaccharide** (a saccharide that contains a small number of monosaccharide units) **oligarchy** (rule by a few people)
98
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? omni
all or every ## Footnote **omnivorous** (feeding on both animal and vegetable substances) **omniscient** (having universal or complete knowledge)
99
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? onym
name ## Footnote **anonymous** (not named) **pseudonym** (a fictitious name)
100
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? oper
work ## Footnote **cooperate** (the act of working with others) **operate** (to perform or function)
101
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ortho
straight or correct ## Footnote **orthopedics** (the correction or prevention of foot deformities) **orthodontist** (a person who corrects or prevents irregularities of the teeth)
102
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ous, eous, ose, ious
having the quality of ## Footnote **courageous** (having the quality of courage) **verbose** (having the quality of using many words)
103
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? over
excessive or above ## Footnote **overwork** (to cause to work too hard) **overall** (above all)
104
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pac
peace ## Footnote **pacifist** (strongly opposed to war or conflict) **pacify** (to make calm or peaceful)
105
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pair, pare
to arrange or assemble ## Footnote **repair** (to bring back together) **prepare** (to arrange ahead of time)
106
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? paleo
old ## Footnote **Paleolithic** (relating to the oldest stone age) **paleomagnetism** (residual magnetization in ancient rock)
107
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pan
all ## Footnote **pandemonium** (place of all demons) **Pan-Africanism** (a movement for the political union of all the African nations)
108
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? para
beside or around ## Footnote **parallel** (lying evenly side by side) **paralinguistic** (arising in conjunction with language)
109
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pat, pass, path
feel, suffer ## Footnote **patient** (a person who suffers pains) **passion** (intense or overmastering feeling)
110
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pater, patr
father ## Footnote **paternity** (the quality or state of being a father) **patriarch** (a man who is a father or the founder)
111
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? path, pathy
feeling, suffering ## Footnote **pathos** (an emotion of sympathetic pity) **apathy** (lack of feeling or emotion)
112
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ped, pod
foot ## Footnote **pedal** (a lever pressed by the foot) **tripod** (a vessel resting on three legs)
113
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pedo
child ## Footnote **pediatrics** (a branch of medicine dealing with children) **pediatrician** (a specialist in pediatrics)
114
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pel, puls
drive, push, urge ## Footnote **dispel** (to drive away by) **pulsate** (to throb or move rhythmically)
115
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pend, pens, pond
to hang or weigh ## Footnote **pendant** (an ornament allowed to hang free) **pendulum** (a body suspended from a fixed point so it can swing freely under the action of gravity)
116
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? per
through, intensive ## Footnote **perspire** (to go through skin) **perforate** (to make a hole through)
117
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? peri
around ## Footnote **perimeter** (outer limits) **periodontal** (surrounding a tooth)
118
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? phage
eat ## Footnote **bacteriophage** (a virus that infects bacteria) **macrophage** (a cell that consumes foreign antigens)
119
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? phan, phas, phen, fan
to show or make visible ## Footnote **phantom** (something existing in appearance only) **fantasy** (the free play of creative imagination)
120
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? phe
speak ## Footnote **blaspheme** (to speak of or address with a lack of respect) **decipher** (to determine the meaning of)
121
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? phil
love ## Footnote **bibliophile** (a lover of books) **philanthropy** (good will toward fellow man)
122
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? phlegma
inflammation ## Footnote **phlegmatic** (having a slow and stolid temperament) **phlegm** (dull or apathetic coldness)
123
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? phobia
fear ## Footnote **claustrophobia** (fear of being enclosed in narrow spaces) **acrophobia** (fear of heights)
124
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? phon
sound ## Footnote **telephone** (an instrument for producing sound at long distances) **symphony** (consonance of sounds)
125
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? phot, photo
light ## Footnote **photography** (the process of producing art or images by the action of radiant energy and light) **photon** (the smallest unit of electromagnetic energy)
126
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pict
to paint, show or draw ## Footnote **picture** (a drawn graphic) **depict** (to represent)
127
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? plac
please ## Footnote **placid** (serenely free of interruption) **placate** (to soothe)
128
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pli, ply
fold ## Footnote **reply** (to respond) **pliable** (flexible, able to be folded)
129
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? plore
to cry out or wail ## Footnote **implore** (to call upon) **deplore** (to regret strongly)
130
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? plu, plur, plus
more ## Footnote **plural** (containing more than one) **plus** (in addition)
131
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pneuma, pneumon
to breathe ## Footnote **pneumatic** (having air-filled cavities) **pneumonia** (a disease of the lungs)
132
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pod
foot ## Footnote **podiatry** (the medical care and treatment of the human foot) **tripod** (a vessel resting on three feet)
133
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? poli
city ## Footnote **metropolis** (a large city) **acropolis** (a fortified district in a city)
134
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? poly
many ## Footnote **polytheism** (belief in more than one god) **polygon** (a closed plane figure bounded by many lines)
135
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pon, pos
to place or put ## Footnote **postpone** (to place later) **posture** (the positioning or the bearing of the body)
136
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pop
people ## Footnote **population** (the people in a region) **popular** (of or relating to the general public)
137
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? port
to carry ## Footnote **portable** (capable of being carried or moved) **import** (to carry into a place)
138
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? portion
part or share ## Footnote **portion** (an individual's part or share) **proportion** (a share of a quantity)
139
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? post
after or behind ## Footnote **postpone** (to put off to a later date) **postdate** (to date with a later date)
140
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pot
power ## Footnote **potentate** (one who wields great power) **impotent** (lacking power)
141
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pre
before ## Footnote **precede** (to be earlier than) **precaution** (care taken beforehand)
142
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? prehendere
to seize or grasp ## Footnote **apprehend** (to catch, e.g. a fugitive) **prehensile** (able to grasp)
143
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? prin, prim, prime
first ## Footnote **primacy** (the state of being first) **primeval** (of or relating to the earliest age or period)
144
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pro
forward ## Footnote **propel** (to drive forward) **proceed** (to go forward)
145
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? proto
first ## Footnote **protocol** (an original draft) **prototype** (an original model)
146
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? psych
mind or soul ## Footnote **psychology** (the science of mind and behavior) **psychosis** (fundamental derangement of the mind)
147
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? punct
point or dot ## Footnote **punctual** (being on time) **puncture** (a hole)
148
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? pute
think ## Footnote **impute** (to attribute, to think of as) **putative** (commonly thought)
149
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? cresc, crease, cret
grow ## Footnote **increasing** (growing bigger) **crescendo** (part of a composition in which the music grows louder)
150
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? crea
create ## Footnote **creation** (the act of creating) **creature** (an animal)
151
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? cred
believe ## Footnote **incredible** (hard to believe) **incredulous** (unwilling to believe)
152
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? crit
to separate or choose ## Footnote **critical** (involving judgment) **criterion** (a standard used to make a choice or decision)
153
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? curs
run ## Footnote **cursive** (writing that runs together) **concurrent** (happening or "running" at the same time)
154
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? cura
care ## Footnote **curator** (one who cares for artifacts in a museum) **accurate** (taking care to be correct)
155
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? cyclo
circle or wheel ## Footnote **bicycle** (vehicle with two wheels) **cyclic** (pertaining to cycles or circular movements of time)
156
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? de
away or against ## Footnote **detach** (to remove from something) **deflate** (to take away air)
157
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? dec, dign
adequate ## Footnote **decent** (suitable, good enough) **condign** (adequate)
158
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? dei, div
God ## Footnote **deity** (a god or godlike being) **divine** (pertaining to God)
159
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? dem
people ## Footnote **demographics** (information about people) **democracy** (rule by the people)
160
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? dent, dont
teeth ## Footnote **dentist** (doctor of teeth) **orthodontics** (correction of tooth deformities)
161
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? di, dy
two ## Footnote **diverge** (to split off in two directions) **dilemma** (having to choose between two equally bad options)
162
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? dic, dict, dit
to say or speak ## Footnote **diction** (way of speaking) **edict** (a statement by an authority)
163
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? dis, dif
against or not ## Footnote **dislike** (not like) **disconnected** (not connected) **disarray** (not in order)
164
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? doc, doct
to teach or prove ## Footnote **doctrine** (teachings of a group or school) **docile** (easy to teach)
165
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? domin
master ## Footnote **dominion** (land ruled by a master) **dominate** (to become master of someone or something)
166
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? don, dit
to give ## Footnote **donate** (to give at no charge) **edit** (to give changes/suggestions)
167
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? dorm
to sleep ## Footnote **dormant** (sleeping) **dormitory** (where people sleep)
168
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? dox
thought ## Footnote **unorthodox** (thinking that is outside the norm) **heterodoxy** (unconventional thinking)
169
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? duc, duct
to lead ## Footnote **abduct** (to lead away) **conduct** (to lead, e.g. an orchestra or train)
170
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? dura
to last ## Footnote **endure** (to last) **duration** (the length of time something lasts)
171
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? dynam
power ## Footnote **aerodynamics** (the study of the power of air) **dynamite** (a powerful explosive)
172
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? dys
abnormal ## Footnote **dyslexia** (abnormal development in learning to reading) **dysfunctional** (not working normally)
173
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ec, ecto
outside of ## Footnote **ecstasy** (out of control joy) **eccentric** (outside of the norm)
174
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? en, em
to put into or surround with ## Footnote **entangle** (to surround someone in problems) **ensnare** (to put into a trap)
175
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? epi
on or over or among ## Footnote **epigraph** (a brief statement written over another work) **epidermis** (outer layer of skin)
176
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? equi
equal ## Footnote **equidistant** (equally far away) **equator** (the line equally distant from each pole of the Earth)
177
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? erg
work ## Footnote **allergy** (illness caused by immune system working against foreign bodies) **ergomaniac** (someone obsessed with working)
178
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ev, et
time ## Footnote **medieval** (the time of the Middle Ages)
179
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ex
out of or away from ## Footnote **exhale** (to breath out) **extroversion** (interest in one's surroundings )
180
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? fa, fess
to speak ## Footnote **affable** (easy to talk to) **famous** (known by many or spoken about by many) **confess** (to tell the truth admitting guilt)
181
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? fall, fals
to deceive ## Footnote **false** (untrue) **fallacious** (deceptive)
182
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? fer
to bear or carry ## Footnote **ferry** (a boat that carries people across water) **reference** (a statement that carries the significance of another connected statement or fact)
183
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? fid, feder
faith ## Footnote **fidelity** (loyalty or faithfulness) **infidel** (disloyal person)
184
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? fig
shape or form ## Footnote **figment** (a fantastic idea formed by concepts) **figure** (a shape, esp. of the body)
185
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? fila, fili
thread ## Footnote **filamentous** (composed or containing many threads) **filet** (lace made of threads)
186
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? fin
end ## Footnote **infinite** (endless) **finish** (to complete)
187
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? fix
to attach ## Footnote **prefix** (a word element that is attached to the beginning of another) **transfix** (to hold motionless)
188
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? flex, flect
to bend ## Footnote **genuflect** (to bow with one knee bent) **reflect** (to bend light back)
189
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? flict
to strike ## Footnote **conflict** (strikes between foes) **inflict** (to deal a blow)
190
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? flu
to flow ## Footnote **fluent** (flowing easily) **fluctuate** (to change or have a varying flow)
191
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? for, fore
before ## Footnote **foretell** (to predict something before it has happened) **foreboding** (an uneasy feeling before something bad occurs)
192
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? forc, fort
strong ## Footnote **fortitude** (strength of character), **forte** (area of expertise or strength)
193
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? fra
break ## Footnote **infraction** (the breaking of a rule) **frail** (easy to break) **fragment** (a broken piece)
194
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? fuge
to flee ## Footnote **refugee** (one who flees for his own safety) **fugacious** (fleeting)
195
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? fuse
to pour ## Footnote **infuse** (to pour into)
196
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? gam
marriage ## Footnote **polygamy** (marriage to more than one person) **monogamy** (marriage to only one person)
197
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? gen
race or kind ## Footnote **general**, **generic** (relating to all kinds)
198
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? germ
fundamental or formative part ## Footnote **germane** (relevant)
199
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? gest
to carry or bear ## Footnote **gestation** (pregnancy; the period of "carrying" a child)
200
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? quir, quis, quest, quer
to seek or ask ## Footnote **query** (a question) **inquire** (to ask about) **quest** (act of seeking or searching)
201
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? re
back or again ## Footnote **retract** (to pull back) **realign** (to align again)
202
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? reg, recti
straighten ## Footnote **direct** (straightforward) **rectify** (to set right)
203
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? retro
backwards ## Footnote **retrospect** (a review of past events) **retrogression** (a return to a previous state)
204
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ri, ridi, risi
laughter ## Footnote **deride** (to laugh at contemptuously) **risible** (provoking laughter) **ridiculous** (laughable)
205
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? rog
to ask ## Footnote **interrogate** (to question formally and systematically)
206
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? rupt
break ## Footnote **interrupt** (to break the continuity or uniformity of an action or conversation) **disrupt** (to break the stream of an action)
207
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sacr, sanc, secr
sacred ## Footnote **sanctify** (to bless) **sacrosanct** (holy) **desecrate** (to violate the holiness of something)
208
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? salv, salu
safe or healthy ## Footnote **salvage** (the act of saving or rescuing property in disuse) **salvation** (to save from sickness, death, or sin)
209
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sci, scio, scientia
know ## Footnote **omniscient** (to have infinite understanding, awareness and insight) **conscious** (perceiving with a degree of controlled observation)
210
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sat, satis
enough ## Footnote **saturation** (a condition of maximum density or activity) **satisfy** (to please enough)
211
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? scope
to see or watch ## Footnote **telescope** (object used to view distant objects) **colonoscopy** (a medical examination of the colon)
212
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? scrib, script
to write ## Footnote **postscript** (something written at the end of a document) **scribe** (a copier of a manuscript)
213
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? se
apart, to move away from ## Footnote **secede** (to withdraw from an organization)
214
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sect, sec
cut ## Footnote **intersect** (to cut across each other) **dissect** (to separate into pieces)
215
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sed, sess, sid
sit ## Footnote **preside** (to occupy the seat of authority) **sediment** (to sit at the bottom of a liquid) **session** (a seated gathering)
216
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? semi
half, partial ## Footnote **semicircle** (half of a circle) **semimonthly** (twice a month)
217
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sen, scen
old or to age ## Footnote **senile** (exhibiting loss of abilities due to old age) **senescence** (growing old)
218
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sent, sens
feel, think ## Footnote **dissension** (thinking differently from someone else) **sensitive** (feeling things acutely)
219
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sept
seven ## Footnote **septet** (group of seven) **septennial** (consisting of or lasting for seven years)
220
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sequ, sue, secu
follow ## Footnote **subsequent** (following in time) **ensue** (to take place afterward) **prosecute** (to follow until the end)
221
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sign, signi
sign, mark ## Footnote **insignia** (an official mark or badge) **signature** (one's name marked on a document)
222
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? simil, simul
like, resembling ## Footnote **simultaneous** (satisfied by the same conditions) **similar** (alike)
223
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sist, sta, stit
to stand or withstand ## Footnote **substitute** (something that stands for something else) **persist** (to remain standing)
224
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sol, solus
alone ## Footnote **solitary** **soliloquy** (the act of talking to yourself)
225
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? somn
sleep ## Footnote **insomnia** (inability to sleep) **somnambulist** (a person who sleepwalks)
226
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? soph
wise ## Footnote **philosophy** (love of wisdom) **sophisticated** (having refined knowledge)
227
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? spec, spect, spi, spic
to look, see ## Footnote **expect** (to look forward to) **aspect** (the way something looks)
228
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? gloss, glot
tongue ## Footnote **glossary** (a listing of terms) **polyglot** (someone who speaks multiple languages)
229
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? sump, sume
to take or use ## Footnote **consume** (to use up completely) **resume** (to take up again)
230
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? glu, glo
to bind together ## Footnote **conglomerate** (a mass of objects formed or stuck together) **agglomerate** (to gather in a bunch)
231
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? super, supra
over or above ## Footnote **superimpose** (to lay over or above something) **supranational** (above the level of the nation)
232
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? grad, gress, gree
to walk or step ## Footnote **gradually** (developed or done in steps) **ingress** (stepping into a place)
233
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? syn, sym
together or at the same time ## Footnote **synchronous** (happening at the same time) **symbiosis** (the phenomenon of two organisms living together)
234
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? graph, gram, graf
to write or draw ## Footnote **calligraphy** (beautiful handwriting) **graphic** (drawn or visually written)
235
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? tact, tang, tag, tig
touch ## Footnote **tangible** (able to be touched) **contiguous** (touching, as of land)
236
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? grat
pleasure ## Footnote **gratify** (to please) **congratulation** (a pleasant commendation for good fortune)
237
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? grav
heaviness or weight ## Footnote **aggravate** (to make "heavier" or worse) **gravity** (literal and figurative weight of an object or situation)
238
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? tain, ten, tent, tin
to hold, keep, or have ## Footnote **tenacious** (holding steady, as against obstacles) **retain** (to keep something) **contain** (to hold inside oneself)
239
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? greg
herd ## Footnote **aggregate** (to combine into a union or mass) **segregate** (to set apart from the "herd")
240
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? tect, teg
cover ## Footnote **detect** (to uncover)
241
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? her, hes
to stick to ## Footnote **adhesion** (the act of physically sticking to another object) **coherence** (being able to "stick" together, as of ideas or opinions)
242
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? tele
distance ## Footnote **telephone** (device that allows acoustic communication at a distance) **telescope** (device that allows visual observation at a distance)
243
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? hetero
different ## Footnote **heterogeneous** (made up of different components)
244
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ten, tin, tain
hold ## Footnote **tenure** (the condition of holding a position or post) **obstinate** (persisting in holding an opinion or ambition)
245
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? tend, tens, tent
to stretch or strain ## Footnote **contend** (to strain in competition) **tensile** (relating to physical stress)
246
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? termin
end, limit ## Footnote **exterminate** (getting rid of completely) **terminal** (relating to the end)
247
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? test
to bear witness ## Footnote **testament** (a statement bearing witness) **testimony** (a declaration made by a witness)
248
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? homo
same ## Footnote **homogenous** (made up of identical components) **homophone** (a word with the same pronunciation as another)
249
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? hydra, hydro
water ## Footnote **hydraulics** (the use of water in mechanics) **hydrosphere** (the part of the environment made of water)
250
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? therm
heat ## Footnote **thermostat** (a device used to regulate temperature) **hypothermia** (subnormal temperature of the body)
251
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? thesis
to place or put ## Footnote **antithesis** (something placed in opposition with another)
252
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? tire
to draw or pull ## Footnote **retire** (to pull back or retreat)
253
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? tom
cut ## Footnote **atom** (an indivisible constituent of matter) **anatomy** (separation or division into parts for the purpose of detailed examination)
254
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? tor, tors, tort
twist ## Footnote **torsion** (twisting) **tortuous** (characterized by twists and turns)
255
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? tox
poison ## Footnote **intoxicated** (drunk, poisoned by alcohol) **toxic** (poisonous)
256
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? tract, tra, treat, trai
to drag, pull, or draw ## Footnote **detract** (to take away) **traction** (the act of drawing or pulling with force)
257
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? trans
across, beyond, or to change ## Footnote **transform** (to change in structure or composition) **transoceanic** (beyond the ocean)
258
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? tri
three ## Footnote **tripod** (a three-legged stand) **trinity** (a group of three closely-related things)
259
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? trib
to pay or bestow ## Footnote **tribute** (a payment by one ruler or nation to another) **attribute** (a bestowed quality)
260
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? umber
shadow ## Footnote **umbra** (a shaded area) **penumbra** (an area of partial illumination)
261
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? un
against, not, or opposite ## Footnote **unceasing** (never ending) **unequal** (not equal)
262
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? uni
one ## Footnote **unicorn** (mythical horse with one horn) **unanimous** (of one mind)
263
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ure
an act, condition, process, or function ## Footnote **conjecture** (the act of supposition) **exposure** (the act of uncovering)
264
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? vade
to go ## Footnote **evade** (to escape from) **invade** (to enter for conquest)
265
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? veh, vect
to carry ## Footnote **vehicle** (object used to carry goods or people)
266
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ven
come ## Footnote **venue** (the place where an event is held) **convene** (to summon a group)
267
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ver, veri
TRUE ## Footnote **verity** (the quality of being true or real) **verisimilitude** (the quality of seeming true)
268
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? verv, verb
word, talk ## Footnote **verbose** (wordy) **verve** (enthusiasm or spirit)
269
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? vert, vers
to turn or change ## Footnote **conversion** (a change into something else) **extrovert** (someone whose personality is turned towards the outside)
270
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? via
way ## Footnote **via** (by way of)
271
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? vic, vicis
substitute or change ## Footnote **vicarious** (serving as a substitute) **vicissitude** (a change)
272
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? hyper
above or over ## Footnote **hyperactive** (overly energetic) **hypersensitivity** (a heightened level of sensitivity)
273
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? hypn
sleep ## Footnote **hypnosis** (a sleeplike state)
274
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ignis
fire ## Footnote **ignition** (to start a fire) **ignescent** (having fiery sparks)
275
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? in, im, il, ir
not, in/upon ## Footnote **not**: irreplaceable, illegitimate **in/upon**: impress, irradiate
276
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? inter
between or amongst ## Footnote **international** (between nations) **intercede** (to come between)
277
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? intra
within ## Footnote **intramural** (within a community or group) **intranational** (within a country or nation)
278
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? vict, vinc
conquer ## Footnote **evict** (to force out) **invincible** (unable to be conquered)
279
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? vid, vis
sight ## Footnote **evident** (plain to be seen) **visible** (capable of being seen)
280
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? viv, vita, vivi
life ## Footnote **vitality** (ability to survive) **vital** (relating to life)
281
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? voc, voke
to call ## Footnote **evoke** (to call up or forth) **revoke** (to bring back or call back)
282
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? vol
will ## Footnote **malevolence** (ill will, hatred) **volition** (the power of deciding or choosing
283
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? volcan
fire ## Footnote **volcano** **vulcanize** (the process of treating crude materials such as rubber with fire)
284
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? volv, volt, vol
to turn about or roll ## Footnote **revolution** (turning around) **revolt** (to turn against, to rebel)
285
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? vor
to eat greedily ## Footnote **devour** **voracious** (having a huge appetite)
286
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? ward
direction ## Footnote **homeward** (toward home) **windward** (towards the direction from which the wind is blowing)
287
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? with
against ## Footnote **withhold** (to refrain from granting something)
288
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? zo, zoo
animal ## Footnote **zoology** (the study of animals) **protozoan** (primitive animal organism)
289
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? intro
within ## Footnote **introspection** (looking within oneself)
290
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? jac, ject
throw ## Footnote **eject** (to forcibly throw out)
291
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? join, junct
joint ## Footnote **junction** (the point where two or more lines cross) **conjoin** (to unite)
292
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? judice
to judge ## Footnote **prejudice** (preconceived assumptions) **judicious** (having sound judgment)
293
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? juven
young ## Footnote **rejuvenate** (to restore youthfulness)
294
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? lau, lav, lot, lut
to wash ## Footnote **laundry** (clothes to be washed) **lavatory** (washroom)
295
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? lect, lig
to choose or gather ## Footnote **eligible** (able to be selected) **elective** (chosen, rather than mandatory)
296
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? leg
law ## Footnote **legislature** (body of government that creates laws) **legality** (lawfulness)
297
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? less
without ## Footnote **senseless** (not having sense) **penniless** (without any money)
298
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? levi
lightness ## Footnote **levitate** (to float) **levity** (lightness of spirit, lack of seriousness)
299
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? liver, liber
freedom ## Footnote **liberation** (being made free) **deliver** (to set free)
300
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? liter
words or letters ## Footnote **literal** ("to the letter") **literary** (related to books and written works)
301
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? loc
place ## Footnote **location** (a specific place) **locomotion** (moving from place to place)
302
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? logo, ology
word or reason ## Footnote **logic** (the science of reason) **logorrhea** (excessive talkativeness)
303
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? loqu, locut
to talk ## Footnote **loquacious** (talkative) **soliloquy** (a speech said to oneself)
304
# What is the denotation of the following word element(s)? luc, lum, lust
light ## Footnote **luster** (a shine from reflected light) **luminous** (full of light)