English vowels

Question 1

pure (simple) vowels, monophthongs

Answer 1

/ ɪ, e, æ, ʌ, ʊ, ɐ, ə, i:, ɜ:, u:, ɔ:, a: /

12

Question 2

diphthongs

Answer 2

/ aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, əʊ, aʊ, ɪə, eə, ʊə /
8
combination of two vocalic elements

Question 3

criteria for the description of vowels

Answer 3

1. length: short or long
2. tongue backness: front, central or back
3. tongue height: close, close-mid, open-mid, open
4. lip position: spread, neutral, rounded

Question 4

two factors that affect vowel length

Answer 4

1. the type of consonant that follows: vowels are shorter before strong (voiceless) consonants than before weak (voiced) consonants
2. the number of unstressed syllables that follow: the vowel in a stressed syllable is shortened if one or several unstressed syllables follow in the same word