English Theories

Question 1

Communication accommodation theory

Answer 1

Howard Giles. We adiust our speech to ‘accommodate’ the person we are addressing.
Convergence - we move our speech style closer to that of the other person. Can be used to cooperate or to challenge. This can be upward or downward according to status.

Divergence - we move our speech style away from the other person.

Question 2

Face theory

Answer 2

Irving Hoffman

A person’s sense of self-esteem in society. Recognition of another’s face (which Goffman calls “face work”) is crucial is securing co-operation and avoiding conflict in conversation.

Question 3

Politeness principles

Answer 3

Robin lake off

ust our speech to ‘accommodate the person we are addressing.
Convergence - we move our speech style closer to that of the other person. Can be used to cooperate or to challenge. This can be upward or downward according to status.
Divergence - we move our speech stvle awav from the other person.
A person’s sense of self-esteem in society. Recognition of another’s face (which Goffman calls “face work” is crucial is securing co-operation and avoiding conflict in conversation.

3 maxims:
Don’t impose - shows respectfulness for others / acknowledgement of them (e.g. Excuse me, Sorry to bother you, Please etc)
Give options - requests that give the receiver the opportunity to refuse (e.g. Would you mind getting me a glass of water)
Make vour receiver feel good (e.g. You look fantastic, What would I have done without you etc)