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English Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Common noun

A

A naming word for a thing that is tangible- ( chair, penguin, man)

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2
Q

Abstract noun

A

A naming word for an idea, concept, state of being or belief ( tidiness, sadness, love, politics, Marxism)

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3
Q

Proper noun

A

A naming word for a specific example of a common boy. ( places or people)

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4
Q

Active verb

A

A word that represents a physical action (jump, run, kill )

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5
Q

Stative verb

A

A word that represents a process that is often only mental (think, love, ponder)

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6
Q

Auxiliary verb

A

A verb that has been used with another verb in order to create present participles or the future tense (did you go, I am going, you will go)

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7
Q

Modal verb

A

An auxiliary verb that express a degree of possibility or necessity (might, could, must, should)

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8
Q

Definite article

A

The

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9
Q

Indefinite article

A

A or an

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10
Q

Demonstrative pronoun

A

This that those

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11
Q

Monosyllabic Lexis

A

Words of one syllable

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12
Q

Polysyllabic lexis

A

Words or two or more syllable

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13
Q

Imperative sentence mood

A

When a sentence is issuing a command

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14
Q

Declarative sentence mood

A

When a sentence is making a statement

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15
Q

Interrogative sentence mood

A

When a sentence is asking a question

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16
Q

Exclamatory sentence mood

A

When a sentence conveys a strong sense of emotion, alarm or overly strong emphasis

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17
Q

Tenor

A

The tone, or relationship between author and reader and how it is created

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18
Q

Themes

A

Recurring ideas and images in a text

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19
Q

Exclamation

A

One word sentence (always minor sentence) with an exclamation mark at the end

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20
Q

Syntax

A

The way words form sentences (the ordering of them to create meaning)

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21
Q

Parenthesis

A

An aside within a text created by sectioning off extra information between brackets, dashes or between two commas

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22
Q

Hypophora

A

When a rhetorical question is immediately followed by an answer in a text

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23
Q

Parallelism

A

The creation of patterns in a text, through repetition of words or phrases (phonological parallelism) or by balancing meanings (semantic parallelism) for deliberate effect

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24
Q

Pre-modification

A

A descriptive technique where the descriptive words come before the thing they are describing

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25
Post modification
a descriptive technique where the descriptive words come after the thing they are describing
26
Synecdoche
A metaphor that states that something is only a small constituent part of itself, even though we commonly understand otherwise ( a new set of wheels)
27
Allusion
To refer to something indirectly or metaphorically
28
Homeric/ epic simile
When a simile continues throughout a text with recurring references to the compared items ( like in homers odyssey)
29
Lexis
Meaning word
30
Field specific lexis
The language of a certain area
31
Lexical set
The selection of related lexemes from a text
32
Lexical bundle
A recurrent sequence of words
33
Semantics
Meaning of words
34
Homophone
Different words that sound exactly the same when said out loud
35
Homonym
When one word has multiple meanings
36
Archaism
A word that over time has fallen out of common usage
37
Antithesis
When ideas contrast or oppose one another
38
Collocations
Words that, through usage, just naturally go together
39
Asyndetic listing
The listing of elements that excludes any form of coordinating conjunction
40
Syndetic listing
The listing of elements that features a coordinating conjunction
41
Phonological features
Any devices that relate to sound
42
Consonance
The repetition of double consonants in the middle of words
43
Exposition
the parts of a story where the writer gets across all the information about the situation of a character
44
Antagonist
Character who opposes the goals of the protagonist
45
Anthropomorphism
When an animal takes on the characteristics of a human being
46
Mimesis
Mimicry. A story, for example, may mimic the gasping breath of a protagonist by using short, sharp, sentences and lots of aspirant alliteration
47
Pastiche
A piece of art or writing that imitates a form or genre to generate humour
48
Satire
A piece of art or writing that pokes fun at the societal estabilidhment
49
Neologism
A newly invented word
50
Portmanteau
A newly invented word, created by merging 2 words together
51
Compound words
A word created by utilising two existing words separated by a hyphen
52
Dysphemism
An unnecessarily extreme way of saying something, not normally socially appropriate
53
Malapropism
When a speaker accidentally uses the wrong word that sounds the same, or like it should belong on their sentence
54
Orthography
The method of correct spelling
55
Etymology
The origin of a word or the history of how it came to be
56
Anachronistic language
Language that seems out of time
57
Semantic shift
The shift in a words meaning over time
58
Inverted syntax
When the ordering of words is rearranged to create alternate weighting to a sentence
59
Paralinguistic features
Things that aid communication but don't constitute language ( body language, facial expressions)
60
Prosodic features
Sound effects of the spoke language (stress, intonation and pitch)
61
Adjacency pair
A moment in turn taking where in utterance constrains the response in some way
62
Back channelling
The process of giving feedback through encouraging noises and positive comments whilst the speaker is talking
63
Interrupted construction
The breakdown of an utterance where half way through the speaker will completely change tact, focus or even topic
64
False starts
The speaker realises the beginning of an utterance isn't working and so effectively re starts by rephrasing
65
Latch-ons
When a speaker takes their turn immediately after the preceding speaker has finished, leaving no, or little, pause.
66
Glottal stops
The omission of usually dental sounds in the middle of words (butter, letter, better)
67
Tag question
A question tagged onto the end of a statement ( it's cold, isn't it?)
68
Vocative
A direct reference to another speaker in discourse
69
Elision
The omission of a vowel or syllable in the pronunciation of a work ( it's one or t'other)
70
Received Pronunciation
The typical pronunciation associated with the social elite of Britain
71
Regional dialect
The actual words and spoken grammar which is particular to a certain geographical region
72
Sociolect
The vocabulary and spoken grammar which is particular to a certain social group
73
Idiolect
The speech patterns of an individual
74
Alternate rhyme
ABAB rhyme scheme
75
End-focus
A change in the structure of the sentence to place emphasis on a closing sentence element
76
Eye rhyme
Where the rhyme looks like it should rhyme but the sound is not exactly the same
77
Foregrounding
A change in the structure of the sentence to place emphasis on an opening sentence element
78
Internal rhyme
Where rhyming sound occurs within a line of verse
79
Octet
An eight line verse
80
Pentameter
A unit of poetic meter containing five feet ( 10 syllable)
81
Petrarchan or Italian sonnet
14 lines, divided into octet and sestet, iambic pentameter, abbaabbba cdecde
82
Quatrain
4 line verse
83
Sestet
Six line verse
84
Shakespearean sonnet
14 lines, divided into 3 quatrains and a couplet, iambic pentameter, abab cdcd, efef, gg
85
Volta
Turning point in a sonnet

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