English Syntax Flashcards
English Syntax
`4subject
the person or thing the sentence is about.
English Syntax
predicate
makes a comment about the subject. It predicates.
English Syntax
referent
noun a pronoun refers to.
English Syntax
semantic role
the underlying relationship that a participant has with the main verb in a clause.
English Syntax
agent subject
doer of the action; acting deliberately; with intent.
English Syntax
causer subject
an animate being who acts without volition or an inanimate entity.
English Syntax
instrument subject
an inanimate entity which acts on someone or something or something else as an instrument.
English Syntax
experiencer subject
experiences a sensory perception or a psychological state.
English Syntax
lexicalization
the process of making a word to express a concept
English Syntax
psych-verb
expresses a mental state or event
English Syntax
patient subject
an entity to which things happen
English Syntax
described subject
described by information in the predicate
English Syntax
located subject
location is in the predicate
English Syntax
empty It
fills in for lack of semantically meaningful subject.
English Syntax
cataphoric It
semantic content is in a subsequent clause.
English Syntax
transitive verb
requires both a direct subject and one or more objects.
English Syntax
intransitive verb
does not have objects.
English Syntax
direct object
answers the question “What?”
English Syntax
indirect object
answers the question “To whom?” or “For whom?”
English Syntax
ditransitive verb
takes a subject and two objects.
English Syntax
monotransitive verb
takes only one; direct; object.
English Syntax
transitive
Subject + Verb + Direct Object
English Syntax
intransitive
Subject + Verb
English Syntax
ditransitive
Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
English Syntax
copula
Subject + Verb + Subject Complement
English Syntax
complex transitive
Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Object Complement
English Syntax
determiner
a noun-modifier that expresses the reference of a noun or noun-phrase in the context; rather than attributes expressed by adjectives.
English Syntax
article
introduces NP into discourse
English Syntax
demonstrative
function words that reflect deixis
English Syntax
deixis
phenomenon wherein understanding the meaning of certain words and phrases in an utterance requires contextual information.
English Syntax
quantifying determiner
Ex - no; each; every; any
English Syntax
genitive determiner
Ex - my; his; our
English Syntax
interrogative determiner
Ex -which; whose; what
English Syntax
predeterminer
Ex - all the players; half the students; one third the cost
English Syntax
postdeterminer
Ex - the five players; a little money; every tenth person
English Syntax
periphrastic genitive
Ex - top of the world; home of the brave
English Syntax
double genitive
Ex - novel of Austen’s; friend of Bill’s
English Syntax
group genitive
the dentist who lives around the corner’s car
English Syntax
collective nouns
Ex - team; choir; committee
English Syntax
anaphoric reference
refers to topic already introduced into discourse
English Syntax
reflexive pronouns
Ex - himself; themselves; myself
English Syntax
possessive reflexive pronouns
Ex - his own bed; her own toys
English Syntax
reciprocal pronouns
Ex - each other; one another
English Syntax
demonstrative pronouns
Ex - this drives me crazy; that was really rude
English Syntax
quantifying pronouns
Ex - All; Both; Everyone
English Syntax
indefinite pronouns
Ex - someone; somebody; something; anyone
English Syntax
partitive
Ex - six bottles of; four pounds of
