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History > English Monarchs > Flashcards

English Monarchs Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does the list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begin?

A

Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England

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2
Q

How did Alfred the Great style himself?

A

King of the Anglo-Saxons

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3
Q

What does his rule represent?

A

The first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex

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4
Q

Who was the last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England?

A

Anne

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5
Q

When did Anne cease being queen of England?

A

Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707.

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6
Q

Who are often described as the first kings of England?

A

For example, Offa, king of Mercia, and Egbert, king of Wessex, are sometimes described as kings of England by popular writers, but not by all historians.

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7
Q

What did Offa achieve to make this claim?

A

A dominance over southern England

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8
Q

When did Offa die?

A

796

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9
Q

What did Egbert control in 829?

A

conquered Mercia, but he soon lost control of it.

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10
Q

When did Wessex become the dominant Anglo-Saxon kingdom?

A

In the late ninth century

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11
Q

What was Alfred the Great official overload of ninth century?

A

Western Mercia and used the title of the King of teh Angles and Saxons, but he never ruled eastern and northern England

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12
Q

What were the eastern and northern areas of England known as?

A

Danelaw

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13
Q

Who had Danelaw been earlier conquered by before Alfred?

A

The Danes from Scandavia

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14
Q

Who was Alfred’s son?

A

Edward the Elder

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15
Q

What did Edward conquer?

A

Eastern Danelaw

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16
Q

Who became the first king to rule the whole of England?

A

Edward’s son Æthelstan became the first king to rule the whole of England when he conquered Northumbria in 927, and he is regarded by some modern historians as the first true king of England.

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17
Q

When was the title “King of the England” first used?

A

The title “King of the English” or Rex Anglorum in Latin, was first used to describe Æthelstan by one of his charters in 928.

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18
Q

When was the Principality of Wales incorporated into the kingdom of England?

A

The Principality of Wales was incorporated into the Kingdom of England under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284,

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19
Q

Who was the first Prince of Wales and who’s son was he?

A

and in 1301 King Edward I invested his eldest son, the future King Edward II, as Prince of Wales.

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20
Q

Significance of naming King Edward II the first Prince of Wales?

A

all eldest sons of English monarchs must have the title Prince of Wales

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21
Q

What is the exception to the rule that all eldest sons of English monarchs must have the title Prince of Wales?

A

King Edward III

22
Q

When did the unification of Scotland and England occur?

A

After the death of Queen Elizabeth I without issue, in 1603, King James VI of Scotland also became James I of England, joining the crowns of England and Scotland in personal union.

23
Q

Who was the first King of Great Britain by royal proclamation?

A

King James VI of Scotland

24
Q

When was the kingdom of England actually created?

A

1707 from a single parliament sitting at Westminster during the reign of Queen Anne

25
Q

Name of Alfred the Great’s son?

A

Edward the Elder

26
Q

Go through the house of Wessex’s rulers

A

Alfred the Great (871-899), Edward the Elder (899-924), /Elfweard (924-924 - 6 days), /Ethelstan (927-939 King of the English), Edmund I (939-946), Eadred (946-955), Eadwig (955-959), Edgar the Peaceful (959-975), Edward the Martyr (975-978), /Ethelred (978-1013)

27
Q

What was another name for /Ethelred?

A

/Ethelred the Unready

28
Q

What happened in 1013?

A

England came under the control of Sweyn Forkbeard, a Danish king, after an invasion in 1013, during which Æthelred abandoned the throne and went into exile in Normandy.

29
Q

Which House ruled 1013-1014 (41 days)?

A

House Denmark with Sweyn Forkbeard by Right of Conquest

30
Q

How did /Ethelred regain the throne?

A

Sweyn died and he returned from exile and was again proclaimed king.

31
Q

How long did Ethelred hold the throne for?

A

2 years and 81 days (1014-1016)

32
Q

Who succeeded /Ethelred?

A

His son Edmund Ironside who ruled for 222 days (1016)

33
Q

How did Edmund Ironside get into power?

A

His son succeeded him after being chosen king by the citizens of London and a part of the Witan,[35] despite ongoing Danish efforts in wresting the crown from the West Saxons.

34
Q

How was the House of Denmark restored the first time?

A

Following the decisive Battle of Assandun on 18 October 1016, King Edmund signed a treaty with Cnut (Canute) in which all of England except for Wessex would be controlled by Cnut.[38] Upon Edmund’s death just over a month later on 30 November, Cnut ruled the whole kingdom as its sole king for almost twenty years

35
Q

Who was Canute and how long did he reign for?

A

Cnut the Great ruled for 19 years and 26 days from 1016-1035 and was the son of Sweyn Forkbeard and GUnhilda of Poland. From House Denmark.

36
Q

Who else ruled after Canute died in 1035 from House Denmark?

A

Harold Harefoot (1035-1040 for 4 years and 127 days) and then Harthacnut for 2 years and 84 days (1040-1042)

37
Q

Who ruled after the House of Wessex was restored a second time?

A

Saxon restoration by Edward the Confessor 1042-1066 (23 years and 212 days)

38
Q

Who ruled after Edward the confessor?

A

Harold Godwinson from House Godwin in 1066 for 266 days with the title disputed from Edgar /Ethelrig of House Wessex (64 days)

39
Q

What was the Witenagemot?

A

Also known as Witan, it was a political instituition who’s primary function was to help advise the king

40
Q

In 1066, who were the claimants to the throne?

A

Among them were Harold Godwinson, elected king by the Witenagemot after the death of Edward the Confessor, as well as Harald Hardrada, King of Norway who claimed to be the rightful heir of Harthacnut, and Duke William II of Normandy, vassal to the King of France, and first cousin once-removed of Edward the Confessor

41
Q

What was the relation of Duke William II of Normandy to the English monarchy?

A

first cousin once-removed of Edward the Confessor.

42
Q

Who invaded in 1066?

A

Harald and William both invaded separately in 1066

43
Q

How did Godwinson fare against the invasions of 1066?

A

Godwinson successfully repelled the invasion by Hardrada, but ultimately lost the throne of England

44
Q

What was the invasion known as in 1066?

A

The Norman Conquest of England

45
Q

Key battle that happened in the Norman Conquest of England?

A

The BAttle of HAstings 14 October 1066

46
Q

What was one of the first things William the Conqueror did?

A

William the Conqueror made permanent the recent removal of the capital from Winchester to London.

47
Q

Following the death of Harold Godwinson at Hastings, who was elected as representative for House Wessex?

A

Following the death of Harold Godwinson at Hastings, the Anglo-Saxon Witenagemot elected as king Edgar the Ætheling, the son of Edward the Exile and grandson of Edmund Ironside, but the young monarch was unable to resist the invaders and was never crowned.

48
Q

When was William the Conqueror crowned?

A

Christmas Day 1066 in Westminster Abbey

49
Q

Other names for William the Conqueror

A

William the Bastard or William I

50
Q

How long did William I rule for?

A

20 years and 259 days (1066 to 1087)

History (2 decks)

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