English (Lesson 1) Flashcards
An art of scientific investigation.
A careful and detailed study into a specific problem, concern, or issue using the scientific method.
A careful investigation or enquiry especially through search for the facts in any branch of knowledge.
Research
A piece of academic writing that provides analysis, interpretation, and argument based on in-depth independent research.
Research Paper
A short summary of your completed research. Intended to describe your work without going into detail. Self-contained and concise, briefly and clearly.
Abstract
The next part after the title and abstract. It leads the reader from a general subject area to a particular topic of inquiry.
Introduction
Provides an overview of sources you have explored including books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory to demonstrate to your research fits within a larger field of study.
Provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research.
Literature Review
A statement of expectation or prediction that will be tested by research. Commonly known as the researcher’s intellectual guess or wild guess about the possible result of the study.
Hypothesis
The systematic method to resolve a research problem through data gathering using various techniques, providing an interpretation of data gathered, and drawing conclusions about the research data.
Methodology
Methodology Process
Aim: To ensure valid and reliable results that address the research aims and objectives.
It is where the researcher will decide:
1. What data to collect (what data to ignore)
2. Who to collect it from (in research, this is called “sampling design”)
3. How to analyze it (this is called “data analysis methods”)
The entire group that you want to draw conclusions about. In research, it doesn’t always refer to people.
It can mean a group containing elements of anything you want to study, such as objects, events, organizations, countries, species, organisms, etc.
Population
A smaller part or subgroup of the population. The specific group within a population that you will collect data from.
The group of individuals who will participate in your study. They are the ones who will answer surveys or interviews.
Sample
Those who answer (respond/reply to) questionnaires. Usually quantitative research.
Respondents
Those who participate and answer questions in qualitative studies (eg. interviews and focus groups)
Participants
The people in the researcher’s experiment. Usually in quantitative research.
Subjects
Any factor, trait, or condition that can be manipulated, controlled for, or measured in an experiment.
Variable
Types of Variable
Independent and Dependent
The variable in an experiment that is changed or manipulated. Assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable.
Independent
The variable that responds to the changes. The variable being tested and measured.
Dependent
Any tool that you may use to collect or obtain data, measure data, and analyze data that is relevant to the subject of your research.
The format may consist of:
1. questionnaires
2. surveys
3. interviews
4. checklists
5. simple tests
Research Instrument
The main instrument for collecting data in survey research. Basically, it is a set of standardized questions, often called items, which follow a fixed scheme in order to collect individual data about one or more specific topics.
Questionnaire
Any information that has been collected, observed, generated, or created to validate original research findings.
Data
The section of a research paper where the authors provide the data collected during their study.
Results (Findings)
The section of a research paper whose purpose is to interpret and describe the significance of your findings in light of what was already known about the research problem being investigated.
And to explain any new understanding or insights that emerged as a result of your study of the problem.
Discussion
Objectives of the Discussion
- Reiterate the Research Problem/State the major findings.
- Explain the meaning of the findings and why they are important.
- Relate the findings to similar studies.
- Consider alternative explanations of the findings.
- Acknowledge the study’s limitations.
- Make suggestions for further research.
Intended to help the readers understand why your research should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper.
Not merely a summary of your points or a re-statement of your research problem but in a synthesis of key points.
Conclusion
Conclusion Key Goals:
- Restate the research problem addressed in the paper
- Summarize your overall arguments or findings
- Suggest the key takeaways from your paper
The last page of a research paper that lists all the sources you used in your study. It gives credit to authors you have consulted for their ideas.
Reference
Serves as a space for materials that help clarify your research, but do not belong in the main text. This is where the researchers attach a copy of their research instrument such as interview transcripts, questionnaires, or surveys.
Appendix
