English learning Theories Flashcards
____________ is the study of the smallest meaningful units of words. It looks at words and breaks them into their simplest parts to analyze meaning. For example, the word unbelievable can be broken into the basic parts of “un-“ meaning “not”, “believe”, and “able” meaning “to be able to”. Together it means “not able to be believed.”
(morphology)
word meaning
(semantics)
________________focuses on the structure of language regarding how it is orally and literarily presented. It breaks down sentences by tense, noun phrases, verb phrases and other various parts that make up a sentence.
syntax
Basic English Project
Basic English is an English-based controlled language created by linguist and philosopher Charles Kay Ogden as an international auxiliary language, and as an aid for teaching English as a second language
Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar (1930) written by
Charles Kay Ogden
Ogden allowed only ____________
18 verbs
Which novel uses Ogden’s Language as langua franca
The Shape of Things to Come, published in 1933, H. G. Wells
Newbolt report was published in
1919-1920
Newbolt report was called
“The Teaching of English in England”
Sapir–Whorf hypothesis
The hypothesis of linguistic relativity, part of relativism, also known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis /səˌpɪər ˈhwɔːrf/, the Whorf hypothesis, or Whorfianism is a principle claiming that the structure of a language affects its speakers’ world view or cognition, and thus people’s perceptions are relative to their spoken language.
Characteristic of Grammar translation method
Classes are taught in the mother tongue
Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isolated words.
Little or no attention is given to pronunciation.
The reading of difficult texts is begun early.
Long, elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given.
Direct method
target language
teacher/learner-centred
teacher explains new vocab through pictures, realia or miming
Students are encouraged to speak in the target language in “real” contexts (eg at the doctor’s or going shopping) or about “real” topics (eg sport or money).
Students are not taught grammar explicitly — they encounter examples and are asked to deduce the rule.
Vocabulary is practised by using new words in context.
Situational Approach
According to the Situational Approach, and to insure that the language that is being taught is realistic, all the words and sentences must grow out of some real situation or imagined real situation. Thus, the meaning of words are tied up with the situations in which they are used. The learners know the meaning of the word “blackboard”, not because they have looked it up in a dictionary, but because they have learned the word in situations; by hearing commands such as: “Look at the blackboard!”; “Clean the blackboard!”, “ Write on the blackboard!”. This example stresses the association between the word “blackboard” and the action of “looking at it”, “cleaning it”, or “writing on it. Even if the classroom environment is limited, the teacher’s inventiveness should be put into practice in the pretence of a situation picked up from outside the classroom.
Audio Lingual Method is also called
Army Method, New Key
How is the audio-lingual method different from direct method?
the teacher drilled students in the use of grammar.
