English Language Paper 2 Vocabulary- Reading Flashcards
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viewpoint / perspective
The way a particular person sees something
My viewpoint on the incident was inevitably affected by relationship to the accused.
If I looked at it from a different perspective, I might have had a more positive mindset.
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Unconscious Bias / Subconscious Bias
the associations we hold, outside our conscious awareness and control.
I could see that she had unconscious bias towards me because of my age.
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Pathos
Evoking emotions in the audience
The charity advert featuring starving dogs evoked pathos in the audience.
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Ethos
Credibility of character
She exemplified an ethos of public service in her speech, highlighting from the start how she had supported the local community.
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Logos
Persuading people based on logic and reasoning
He evoked logos in his article by beginning with facts and studies to support his point.
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Anadiplosis
Repeating a word at the end of a stanza / sentence /
phrase at the start of the next
He used anadiplosis (‘these are horrific scenes, scenes of chaos and anarchy’) to emphasise the horrible atmosphere of the riots.
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Direct Address
Using inclusive pronouns such as ‘you, your, us, we’
to involve the reader
‘I want you to consider the consequences of this proposal.’
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Anecdote
A short personal story to demonstrate a point
She included anecdotes of how she’d been bullied to create a sense of pathos.
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Tricolon
Using the rule of three. For example, three adjectives, three nouns, or three examples.
See what I did there? ;)
This is an archaic, irrelevent, and dangerous idea.
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Superlatives
Usually are preceded by ‘most’ or ends in the suffix ‘-est’
He is the most important expert in his field, but also the hardest to understand.
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Hyperbole
Extreme exaggeration
The writer’s hyperbolic description of the violence of the scenes makes the reader feel horrified at the lengths the protesters were prepared to go to.
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Imperative
An order or command
By beginning with the imperative ‘Stop’, the writer immediately makes the reader feel tense.
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Studies
Research that has been completed on a topic
Various studies all suggest that we should be acting, and we should be acting now.
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inference
a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
From the negative tone in the description of the children, we can infer that he is critical of their actions.
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Counter-argument
An argument that makes an opposing point to another argument.
Although some people might say… it has been proven that…
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Kairos
Creating a sense of urgency
He creates kairos in his call to action at the end of the speech.
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appositive phrase
a noun phrase that comes after another noun phrase (its antecedent) to provide extra information about it
Dr Smith [antecedent], the leading scholar in this field [appositive phrase], suggests…
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Statistics
Numerical data
He uses statistics to create a sense of logos.
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Imagery
Visually descriptive language
The imagery of war used throughout the speech creates a sense of urgency.
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Emotive Language
Language used with the intention of eliciting a strong emotion
The emotive language used makes the reader feel sympathetic towards the straving dogs.
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Superlative
An adjective or adverb which expressed the greatest degree of something.
Usually preceded by ‘most’ or ending with the suffix ‘est’
He was the biggest and **most muscled **of all the elephants.
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Form
The format of a piece of writing, for example travel writing, letter, article, etc.
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Audience
The person / people who the writer intended to read their piece.
The audience of a letter is generally recipient, whereas the audience of an article is many people.
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Purpose
Why a piece of text has been written: to inform, persuade, entertain, etc.
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Broadsheet newspaper
Broadsheets are text led,’quality’ newspapers. The broadsheets have a higher news content than tabloids, cost more to buy and have a lower circulation. The style of writing differs from tabloids with longer sentences and paragraphs, and more articles offering in-depth analysis.
The top broadsheets are The Times, The Telegraph, The Guardian.
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Tabloid
Tabloids are image led, ‘popular’ newspapers. They write shorter stories than broadsheets, using more simple language and they have more pictures than other newspapers.
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Strapline
smaller headline underneath the main headline
OFten straplines exemplify the article
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Prepostion
a word that tells you where or when something is in relation to something else
before, under, on, around, inside, etc.
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Hypophora
A question which the speaker immediatly answers.
‘Do you want to be paid less than fair wages for your work? Of course you don’t!’
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Modal Verb
Suggests possibility
might, may, could, should, will etc.
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Syndetic / Asyndetic Listing
A list with MANY connectives (syndetic) or NO connectives (asyndetic).
Syndetic: I want to be warm and sheltered and protected.
Asyndetic: Live, laugh, love.
