English Language & Literature A - Unit 2 Section B: Varieties of Spoken English

Question 1

Reporting Clause

Answer 1

A phrase such as ‘He said’ or ‘She replied’, which accompanies spoken language and indicates whos speaking.

Question 2

Free direct Speech

Answer 2

Direct speech presented without, or with minimal, reporting clause such as ‘he said’. Some writers also omit the speech punctuation in free direct speech.

Question 3

Free Indirect Speech

Answer 3

A form of indirect speech that reports the words of a character but omits the reporting clause, e.g ‘He said that….’

Question 4

Idiolect

Answer 4

A combination of habitual language choices that is unique to an individual speaker, seen in such features as pronunciation, choice of vocabulary, phrasing and grammatical patterns

Question 5

Caricature

Answer 5

A portrayal of a character in which certain features are exaggerated, usually for comic effect.

Question 6

Closed question

Answer 6

A question phrased in such a way that offers the respondent only a limited choice of possible answers, usually yes or no or a one-word answer, e.g ‘do you like cheese?’

Question 7

Open Question

Answer 7

A question phrased in a open-ended way so that the respondent can answer in a wide range of ways, e.g ‘What sort of food do you like?’

Question 8

Parallelism

Answer 8

The repetition of the structure of a phrase or sentence, often for rhetorical effect, e.g ‘That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind

Question 9

Pentameter

Answer 9

A line of verse containing five feet.

Question 10

Iambic pentameter

Answer 10

A line of verse with five iambic feet.

Question 11

Rhyming Couplet

Answer 11

Two lines of verse in which the words at the ends of each line rhymes.

Question 12

Polysyllabic word

Answer 12

Words with more than one syllable

Question 13

Monosyllabic word

Answer 13

Words with only one syllable

Question 14

Feet

Answer 14

Units of rhythm consisting of particular patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables

Question 15

Lamb

Answer 15

A foot with the rhythm: unstressed/stressed (x /)

Question 16

End-Stopped line

Answer 16

A line of verse with a punctuation mark at the end to indicate a pause.

Question 17

Enjambement

Answer 17

Continuity of the sense and rhythm from one line of verse to the next without end-stopping.

Question 18

Caesura

Answer 18

A pause in the middle of a line of verse indicated by a punctuation mark.

Question 19

Subordinate Clause

Answer 19

This depends on the main clause, e.g in the sentence ‘I went to the salesroom where I saw a great sports car’ the clause ‘where I saw a great sports car’ cannot stand alone.

Question 20

Main Clause

Answer 20

A part of a sentence that is grammatically independent and may exist alone or alongside a subordinate clause.

Question 21

Phrase

Answer 21

In the hierarchy of grammatical units, the phrase comes between word and clause. There are five types of phrase: Noun phrase (e.g the red dress), Verb phrase (e.g will be running), Adjective phrase (e.g nice hot lovely), Adverb phrase (e.g quite inexcusably), Prepositional phrase (e.g wherever)

Question 22

Alliteration

Answer 22

The repetition of an initial consonant sound

Question 23

Assonence

Answer 23

Repeated vowel sounds

Question 24

Consonance

Answer 24

Repeated patterns of consonances

Question 25

Onomatopoeia

Answer 25

The use of words that sound like what they mean, e.g quack, hiss

Question 26

Sibilance

Answer 26

Repeated use of the consonance ‘s’

Question 27

Subtext

Answer 27

The meaning beneath the surface of the spoken or written dialogue

Question 28

Mood

Answer 28

1. (grammar) The function expressed by the verb form to create indicative sentences (for example, ‘He is speaking) imperative sentences (‘Tell us what you think’) interrogative sentences (‘What is your opinion?’) and exclamatory sentences (‘Be quiet’).
2. Used interchangeably with the term ‘atmosphere’ to describe the characteristic feeling conveyed by a literacy work, as created by the author’s choice of setting, action, characterisation and language.

Question 29

Atmosphere

Answer 29

The characteristic mood or feeling conveyed by a literacy work, as created by the author’s choice of setting action characterisation and language.