English Langauge: terminology Flashcards
How do you plan answers?
- always make a plan
- highlight of underline key information
- write down main ideas
- ‘para 1, para 2’ etc
What is P.E.E.D?
Point
Evidence
Explain
Develop: effect on reader, writers intentions, linking point and giving own opinion
List a range of explaining words and phrases
- this signifies that
- this highlights the fact that
- this reflects
- furthermore
- this continues the idea of
- this is reminiscent of
List a range of linking phrases or words
- in contrast
- on the other hand
- equally
- in the same way
- in addition
- alternatively
- conversely
What is the difference between explicit and implicit information?
Explicit information is clearly written.
Implicit information takes detective work.
What are the four common purposes of writing?
- to argue or persuade
- to inform
- entertain
- to advise
List the features of an informative text
- writers aim is to pass on knowledge to the reader clearly and effectively
- they will adapt their language to match their intended audience: different age groups and different levels of understanding
- present balanced and factual information
- arguing a particular viewpoint
List the features of an entertaining text
- written for pleasure
- contains few facts
- try to make the reader feel a certain emotion
- descriptive
- narrative techniques
- structural techniques
List features of texts that argue or persuade
- to make the reader agree with their opinion
- use clear forceful language
- facts and figures
- imperative verbs
- persuasive
- emotive language
- sympathise with their cause
- rhetorical questions, hyperbole or repetition
List features of texts that advise
- want readers to follow their suggestions
- calm and less emotional
- clear and direct
- second person
List the features of literary fiction that entertains the reader
- written to entertain, might do this by affecting the readers emotions, describing the atmosphere of a place, using an intriguing structure or developing the personality of a character
- choose a narrative
- uses lots of descriptive and figurative language to capture readers imagination
What is personification?
Personification is describing a thing as a person.
Object, abstract idea or animal.
What are some examples of structure?
- how the structure is ordered
- flashbacks
- changes in perspective
- time shifts
What is the difference between a linear text and a non linear text?
Linear texts tend to build towards a form of climax.
Non linear might begin with a dramatic moment and work backwards from there.
How does narrative viewpoints affect the structure?
A third person narrator will have an overview of the story and so the structure might skip around to cover lots of different events.
A first person narrator will follow that characters experiences closely
What is a clause?
A clause is a sentence that has a subject and a verb. It makes sense on its own. A single clause on its own is called a simple sentence.
What is a simple sentence?
A simple sentence is used to explain something clearly. They create a sharp or abrupt tone that keeps a reader engaged or creates tension.
What is a compound sentence?
A compound sentence has TWO main clauses, linked by a conjunction like ‘or’, ‘but’ or ‘and’.
Both clauses have to make sense on their own.
What is a complex sentence?
A complex sentence has two or more clauses but only one of them needs to make sense on its own.
What are the effects of different sentence lengths?
A short simple sentence can be used to build tension or to create a worried and confused tone.
A longer, complex sentence could be used to give the impression of time dragging.
Writers sometimes use inversion to change the emphasis in a text.
What words can you use for inference?
Suggests Implies Connotes Indicates Demonstrates Reveals Imitates Insinuates- suggests something in an indirect of unpleasant way Typifies- represent
What words can you use for image and atmosphere?
Establishes Constructs Devises Epitomises- embodies Outlines Encapsulates
What words could you use to compare?
Contradicts Juxtaposes Reinforces Alludes Opposes
What words can you use to replace ‘this shows’?
Demonises Satirises- make fun of Heightens Exemplifies- be an example of Distinguishes Articulates Demonstrates
