english IB Tool-Kit Flashcards
allegory
narrative: characters represent deeper truths (hidden)
usually about religious, political or personal issues
people throw rocks at things that shine: people ruin good lives
anaphora
the repetition of the same word/phrase in a succession of phrases or sentences
you should’ve said no
you should’ve gone home
you should’ve thought twic
alliteration
the repetition of the same sound in the initial position of words
always an angel (never a god)
allusion
a form of figurative language in which reference is made to a text, which the writer assumes the other person will recognize.
you were romeo and my daddy said stay away from julliet
antithesis
contrast between ideas by placing them together
don’t doubt those who are afraid, be afraid of those who never doubt
atmosphere
the pervading feeling created by the story
round characters
convincing, these characters may exhibit many different personality traits
dynamic characters
undergo some type of change or development
flat characters
stereotyped, shallow characters, only exhibit one or two personality traits
connotations
the associations attached to a word in addition to its dictionary definition
If I was a child did it matter (i was innocent)
content
what the text is about
shade never made anybody les gay
context
things outside the text which may shape meaning
couplet
two line verse (often rhyming)
declarative sentence
a sentence that expresses a statement in a determined way
deus ex machina
an artificial device resolving the difficulties of the plot
dialogue
language interaction with two or more pariticipants
euphemism
a word that replaces a term that is seen as unpleasant
exclamatory sentence
a sentence that expresses strong emotions
exposition
the first act of a play, to provide the reader with information he needs for the rest of the story
the tennis court was covered up with some tent-like thing
foreshadowing
a device which hints or warns of events to happen later in the story, creates a climax
hyperbole
exaggeration in order to emphasize a fact or a feeling
i could eat a horse
verbal irony
when there is a contrast between what is said and what is happening
dramatic irony
when the author shares information with the reader which characters do not know, which shows that a characters reactions could become inappropriate later on
situational irony
when a set of circumstances turns out differently from what is expected or considered appropriate
metaphor
a description which compares one thing with another which are actually different things
! does not use like or as !
metonymy
the use of a closely related term to represent an object with which it is associated
my ride is here (my taxi is here)
metre
rhythmic arrangement of syllables in verse, usually acccording to the number of metrical feet in a line
mode of address
the point of view of the text (1st person)
motif
a recurring subject
non-standard lexis
any variety of a word that does not conform to the standard form as used by society
onomatopoeia
the use of a word that closely resembles the sound to which it refers
oxymoron
the use of apparently contradictory words in a phrase
old news
parallelism
the patterning of pairs of sounds, words or structures
did some bird…?
did some force…?
pathetic fallacy
when the environment mirrors emotions
personification
a form of metaphor in which human characteristics are given to non-humans
perspective
the point of view from which a story is told
repetition
saying the same thing more than once
end rhyme
repetition of similar vowel sounds at the end of a sentence
internal rhyme
repetition of similar vowel sounds in two words within one line
setting
the time and place where a story takes a place
simile
a device which directly compares two things using like or as
stanza
the division of line in a poem (a verse)
superlatives
a word that emphasizes the extremes
symbolism
a device in which a word or phrase represents something else
themes
the recurring ideas in a text, the themes is the central idea of a story
thesis
the main argument in a non-fiction work expressed in a statement
tone
the emotion the text is written (e.g. sarcastic)
tripling
listing of three items
ethos
persuasive device: ethical appeal, convince the reader of the author’s credibility
pathos
persuasive device: emotional appeal, persuade audience by talking into their emotions
logos
persuasive device: appeal to logic, means to convince an audience by logic
adjective
a word that modifies a noun
adverb
a word that modifies a verb
assonance
a repetition of the similar stressed sounds
cacophony
an unpleasant sound or rhythm that has a jarring effect
caesura
a mid line pause in a line of poetry
collective noun
a name that refers to a group of nouns
comment clause
a commonly occurring phrase in a language
complex sentence
a sentence made up of one main and one or more dependent clauses
compound sentence
a sentence made up of two main clauses
consonance
the repetition of similar final consonant sounds
ellipsis
the omission of a part of a sentence (something … another thing)
enjambment
run-on lines (not stopping after a full-stop)
euphony
the musical effect when words and phrases that create harmonious sounds and rhymes
fillers
words used when hesitating in a speech
imperative sentence
sentence hat expresses a command
interrogative sentence
sentence expressing a question
juxtaposition
placing two or more things side by side
lexical motif
a group of words joined by similarities
meiosis
an deliberate understatement to create a humorous effect
parataxis
placing together words or sentences without conjunctions
polysyndeton
the use of conjunction between each word or phrase
preposition
words that show relationships between nouns
sibilants
consonant sounds articulated with a hissing sound
