ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE INTERMEDIATE Flashcards
Should / ought to
“ought to” se refiere a cosas que deberían pasar por que se tiene el derecho o se merece que pasen.
I ought to know if he is seeing someone else = yo debería saber o merezco saber si el está saliendo con alguien más.
-Y_ou can leave out should in_:
It’s essential that everyone (should) be here on time
-After suggest, you cannot use to. You say:
What do you suggest we should do?
What do you suggest we do?
-You can use should after a number of adjetives, especially:
Strange, odd, funny, typical, natural, interesting, surprised, surprising
It’s strange that he should be late.
I was surprised that he should say such a thing.
-You can say (If something should happen…)
We have no jobs at present, but if the situation should change, we will contact you.
-You can also begin with should
Should the situation change, we will contact you.
This means the same as ‘If the situation changes,…’
With should, the speaker feels that the possibility is smaller.
Had better / should.
Sera mejor que / Deberia
-Had better vs should.
It’s late. You‘d better go. / You should go.
(Speficic situation)
- You are always at home. You should go out more often.
- Had better (There is always a danger or a problem if you don’t follow the advice.
- Should (only ‘‘it is a good thing to do’’)
(In general) Only should
It’s a great film. You should go and see it.
(No problem if you don’t)
The film starts at 8:30. You’d better go now or you’ll be late
(problem)
-I’d better do something
I’d better go now or I’ll be late.
Yes , you’d better.
I had (I’d) better not.
-Had is normally past, but the meaning of had better is present or future, not past.
I’d better go to the bank now/tomorrow.
At/on/in
-At -For the time of day.
At five o’clok
At midnight
At sunset
-On -For days and dates.
On friday
On 16 May 2009
On Christmas Day
-In -For longer periods (months, years, seasons)
In October
In 1998
-We use at/on/in in there expressions:
At night
At weekend
At Christmas
In the morning
In the afternoon
In the evening
On Friday morning
On Sunday afternoon
To/at/in/into
Go to China
Return to London
Welcome somebody to a place
Did you enjoy your trip to Paris?
Compare to (for movement) and in/at (for position)
They are going to France. / They live in France
Can you come to the party?. I’ll see you at the party
We say been to a place or an event:
I’ve been to Italy four times.
We say get to, but arrive in/at
What time did they get to London?
Arrived in London.
Arrived in Spain.
By
Pay cash or pay in cash, but pay by credit card.
We use by to say somebody travels:
By car/By train/by plane.
But we say on foot.
We use in for cars and taxi.
By car but in my car
By train but on the train
Compare by and with:
The door must have been opened with a key.
The door must have been opened by somebody with a key.
We say ‘a play by shakespeare’
Shout / throw
Shout at (when you are angry)
He got very angry and started shouting at me.
Shout to (so that they can hear you)
He shouted to me from the other side.
Throw something at somebody (In order to hit them)
Somebody threw an egg at the minister.
Throw something to somebody (for somebody to catch)
She threw the keys to me from the window.
about/for/of/after
leave (a place) for another place
She left (home) for the office this morning.
Care about somebody/something = think that somebody / something is important
He doesn’t care about other people
Care what/where/how… (without about)
I don’t care what you do
Care for
-1 Like something (usually negative sentences)
I don’t care for hot weather.
-2 Look after somebody
He need somebody to care for him
Take care of (look after, keep safe, take responsibility for)
I can take care of myself.
I’ll take care of the travel arrangements.
About/of
-1 Hear about (be told about something)
Did you hear about the fire?
-2 Hear of (know that somebody/something exist)
I’ve heard of him
-3 Hear from (be in contact with somebody)
Have you heard from Jane recently?
-1 Think about (you consider it, you concentrate your mind on it)
I’ll think about it
I’ve thought about what you said
-2 Think of (the idea comes to your mind)
It was my idea. I thought of it first.
-3 Think of (when we ask or give an opinion)
What did you think of the movie? I didn’t think much of it.
-4 You can say think of or think about doing something (for possible future actions)
My sister is thinking of (or about) going to Canada.
-1 I wouldn’t dream of doing something (I would never do it)
Don’t tell anyone what I sair. No, I wouldn’t dream of it. (I would never do it)
-1 Remind somebody about (tell somebody noot to forget)
I’m glad you reminded me about the meeting.
-2 Remind somebody of (cause somebody to remember)
Who does he remind you of?
The house reminds me of the one I lived in.
of/for/from/on
Sue accused me of being selfish.
His parents don’t approve of what he does.
Pay for the meal but pay a bill/fine/fee/tax/rent
What did he die of/from?
Everybody blamed me for the accident
Don’t blame it on me
Suffer from an illness.
It depends on the traffic.
You can use depend + when/where/how with or without on
It depends (on) how much it is
It isn’t enough to live on.
I congratulate her on doing so well her exams.
I complimented Mark on his cooking skills.
in/out
I drop in to see Chris
They were playing cards, so I joined in
The fridge isn’t working because you haven’t plugged it in
The man said he was a policeman and I believed him.
I was completely taken in. (Deceived)
Gary went to universit but dropped out after a year
I don’t want to go, but I can’t get out of it now. (Avoid doing it)
There was a beautiful picture in the megazine, so I cut it out
PHRASAL VERBS on/off
The open air concert had to be called off because of the weather. (cancel it)
We can’t put off making a decision. (delay it)
Put on clothe, glasses, make-up…
Also put on weight. I’ve put on two kilograms.
Tomorrow I’m off Paris = I’m going to Paris
I’m off on holiday = I’m going on holiday
Walk off / Run off / Drive off / ride off (similar to walk away / run away
Diane got on her bike and rode off.
We set off very early. (We left early)
The plane finally took off
We went to the station with her to see her off. (Go with them to the airport/station to say good bye)
PHRASAL VERBS on/off
Drive on / Walk on /Play on = continue driving..
Shall we drive on to the next station?
go on with / carry on with something
1- Get on = progress
How are you getting on in your new job? = How is it going?
2- Get on (with somebody) = have a good relationship
Richard gets on well with his neighbours.
3- Get on with something = continue doing something you have to do, usually after an interruption
I must get on with my work. I have a lot to do.
1- Doze = dormitar, sueño ligero
2- Drop = gota, soltar, dejar caer
3- Nod = Inclinar la cabeza, señalar con la cabeza, dar cabezadas.
Doze off /Drop off / nod off = fall asleep
I dozed off in the middle of the lecture.
finish something off = do the last part of something
I finish it off tomorrow
1- Go off = explode
A bomb went off in the city centre.
2- Also an alarm can go off = ring
Did you hear the alarm go off?
Put somebody off (doing something. = cause somebody not to want something or to do something
What put you off applying the job?
Rip = Rasgar
Rip somebody off. = cheat somebody
I think you were ripped off. (fuiste engañado)
Show off = Try to impress people with your ability, knowledge…
He’s just showing off.
Tell somebody off = speak angrily to somebody because they did something wrong.
Clare’s mother told her off for wearing dirty shoes in the house.
up / down
Let somebody down = disappoint them because you didn’t do what they hoped
He’ll never let you down
turn somebody / something down = refuse an application, an offer…
I applied for several jobs, but I was turned down for all of them.
up
Go up / come up / walk up
= approach
A man came up to me in the street.
Catch up (with somebody) = continue at the same speed or level
You’re walking too fast. I can’t keep up (with you)
You’re doing well. keep it up!
Set up an organisation, a company, a business… start it.
Take up a hobby, a sport… = start doing it
Laura took up photography a few years ago. She takes really good pictures.
Fix up a meeting etc. = arrange it
We’ve fixed up a meeting for next Monday
Bring up a child = raise, look after a child
She was brought up by her grandparents
Who’s going to tidy up? (or tidy it up)
Children under 16 make up half the population of the city. (half the population are children under 16)
Air is made up mainly of nitrogen and oxygen (Air consists of…)
Take up space or time = use space or time
Most of the space in the room was taken up by large table.
Turn up / show up = arrive, appear
We arranged to meet David lost night, but he didn’t turn up.
Use something up = use all of it so that nothing is left.
We have a lot of vegetables and I want to use them up
up 2
Bring up a topic etc.. = introduce it in a conversation
Please don’t bring it up again.
Come up = be introduced in a conversation
Some interesting points came up in our discussion yesterday.
Come up with an idea, a suggestion etc.. = produce an idea.
Sarah is very creative. She is always coming up with new ideas
Make something up = invent something that is not true
He made it all up.
Clear up = become bright (for weather)
It was raining when I got up, but it cleared up later.
Tear something up = tear it into pieces.
I just tore the letter up and threw it away.
Beat somebody up = hit someone repeatedly so that they are badly hurt
A friend of mine was attacked and beaten up a few days ago. he was badly hurt and had to go to hospital.
Break up / Split up (with somebody) = separate
Sue and Paul have split up.
Do up a coat, a shoelace, bottons etc.. = Fasten (abrochar) Tie (atar)
Do up yout coat before you go out.
Do up a building, a room etc.. = repair and improve it.
The kitchen looks great now that it has been done up.
Look something up in a dictionary etc..
You can look it up in a dictionary.
Put up with = tolerate it
We have to put up with a lot of noise from the traffic.
Hold up a person, a plan etc.. = delay
Don’t wait for me. I don’t want to hold you up.
Plans to build a new factory have been held up because of the company’s financial problems.
Mix up people / things, get people / things mixed up = you think one is the other.
The two brothers look very similar. Many people mix them up. (or… get them mixed up)
