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English Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is an anecdote

A
  • brief story that provides evidence for a point
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2
Q

Why do people use an anecdote

A

To prove they know that they are talking about

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3
Q

What is Aristotle’s three appeals?

A

Logos
Ethos
Pathos

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4
Q

What is Logos based on

A

Logic
Ex. Anecdotes, reasoning, analogy, authority voices

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5
Q

What is Ethos based on

A

Reputation and authority
Exam realizable sources, trustworthiness
Custom / beliefs / ethics

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6
Q

What is pathos based on

A

Emotions
Ex. Higher emotions (positive) and lower emotions (negative)

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7
Q

What does Logos reference

A

Facts and Statistics

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8
Q

What does Ethos reference

A

A figure of authority, knowledge, or expertise of another (not yourself)

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9
Q

What does the audience influence

A
  • Tone
  • Subject
  • Style
  • Choice of Language
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10
Q

Examples of audience

A
  • young
  • old
  • sophisticated
  • distant and impersonal
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11
Q

What is an allusion

A

Short informal reference within a work

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12
Q

Ambiguity

A
  • open to more than one interpretation
  • uncertainty
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13
Q

Example of ambiguity

A

I rode a black horse in red pj’s
- used words with multiple meanings
- crafted a confusing sentence
Who was wearing the red pj’s?

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14
Q

Types of allusion

A

Reference to …
1. Important person
2. Event from history
3. Another literary work
4. Mythology
5. Bible

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15
Q

What is an analogy

A

Compares two things

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16
Q

What’s the purpose of an analogy

A

To clarify or explain how an idea or object is similar

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17
Q

What’s the difference of an analogy and smile

A

Analogy is longer
Simile is more simplistic

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18
Q

Examples of Analogy vs Simile

A

Simile: Creativity is like fire.
Analogy: A new idea is like a spark.

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19
Q

What is Anaphora

A

At the beginning of a phrase, clause, or sentences the repetition of the same word or words.
In conjunction with climax and parallelism

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20
Q

What is Antithesis

A

Direct opposite ideas joined together usually in parallel structures.

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21
Q

What is an example of antithesis

A

Love is the antithesis of selfishness.

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22
Q

What does anthesis apply to

A

Characters
Humans
Themes
Abstract ideas

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23
Q

Define apostrophe

A

Interrupts a discussion or discourse to address a person or personified thing (absent or present(

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24
Q

Examples of apostrophe

A
  • “Feet don’t fail me now”
  • “I wish Grandma was alive to give me her recipe”
  • “O captain! My captain”
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25
Connotative language
- emotionally charged evokes emotions
26
Example of connotative language
That was cheap vs that was inexpensive
27
Diction
- choice and use of words
28
Examples of diction
Formal vs informal Colloquial Slang (geographical - raised saying it)
29
What is euphemism
- substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term with a harsh, blunt, or offensive one
30
Why may one use Euphemism
- for politeness - takes out something rash for something softer
31
Examples of Euphemism
Without: Shut up With: I really need some piece Without: He kicked the bucket With: He passed away
32
What is hyperbole
Exaggeration
33
Purpose of hyperbole
- emphasis
34
Implied main idea is
Suggested
35
Stated main idea is
Easily detected - may be in a thesis statement
36
Medium is
A means of conveying something
37
Examples of a medium
- autobiographies - magazine - advertising - stickers
38
Metaphor
Compare two things or ideas by making one seem like it is the other. (Can be used interchangeably) - invoked by to be
39
Example of metaphor
"Life's but a walking shadow; a poor player."
40
Components of a metaphor
Tenor - refers to concept, object, idea of comparison Vehicle - thing that the subject is being compared to
41
Example of metaphor (tenor + vehicle)
The women's lips were like red roses. Tenor: Women's lips 👄 Vehicle: red roses 🌹
42
Why do dead metaphors go unnoticed?
- used so commonly you don't even realize - often us cliches
43
Dead metaphor examples
- a clean slate - to dive in - dark and stormy night
44
Implied or unstated metaphor
- not explicitly stated or obvious
45
Implied metaphor examples
Golden baked skin - compared bakery goods to skin Green blades of nausea - compares green grass to the complexion if a nauseous person
46
Mood is how
The author makes you feel
47
Occasion is
The circumstances behind the reasoning for writing
48
Larger occasion vs immediate occasion
Larger - big idea/ broad topic Immediate - Triggers the reason behind why they are writing
49
What is the occasions for the pleasure of books
Larger - Nazi ; burning of books Immediate -Speaking and broadcast inspired him to do this
50
Oxymoron
Uses two contradictory words
51
Purpose of oxymoron
- effect - complexity - emphasis - wit (humor)
52
Examples of oxymoron
Pretty ugly Bitter sweet Jumbo shrimp
53
Paradox
Contradictory statement that is true
54
Example of paradox
Don't go near the water until you learn how to swim. What a pity that the youth must be wasted on the young.
55
Objective perspective
Fact based presentation Objective- outside
56
Subjective Perspective
Opinion based presentations Inside - with emotions
57
In Subject perspective a writer may use
Facts to present his points but then use opinion to express the subject
58
Third person limited (pov)
Narrator is outside of story and sees the event through the eyes of only characters Knowledge is limited. Focus is on only one character.
59
Third person omniscient (pov)
The narrator is all knowing. Vast knowledge is shared with readers that allow them to think beyond the story.
60
Third person objective
- No internal information about characters is available - speaks in third person
61
Repetition
- use of repeated words and phrases - end of the sentence
62
Why is repetition used
- emphasis - clarity - amplification - emotional effect
63
Parallelism example
" I heard the voices, and I read the front page, and I know the speculation." Parallelism - I
64
Repetition example
"But I'm the decider, and I decide what is best." Repetition - decide
65
Rhetorical question
- not meant to be answered - answer is supposed to be obvious as result of points made
66
Rhetorical triangle provides relationship between
Speaker, subject, and audience Tone, medium, and purpose can be considered
67
The rhetorical traitnke
Influences the others Each point corresponds with one of Aristotle's three appeals
68
Syntax
Word arrangement and structure
69
Parallel structure (syntax)
- repetition of a chosen grammatical form
70
Example of parallel structure
- ING Ellen likes hiking, attending the rodeo, and taking afternoon naps." - ED Ellen likes to hike, attend the rodeo and take afternoon naps."

English (7 decks)

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