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English Exam Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

What is an anecdote

A
  • brief story that provides evidence for a point
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2
Q

Why do people use an anecdote

A

To prove they know that they are talking about

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3
Q

What is Aristotle’s three appeals?

A

Logos
Ethos
Pathos

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4
Q

What is Logos based on

A

Logic
Ex. Anecdotes, reasoning, analogy, authority voices

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5
Q

What is Ethos based on

A

Reputation and authority
Exam realizable sources, trustworthiness
Custom / beliefs / ethics

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6
Q

What is pathos based on

A

Emotions
Ex. Higher emotions (positive) and lower emotions (negative)

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7
Q

What does Logos reference

A

Facts and Statistics

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8
Q

What does Ethos reference

A

A figure of authority, knowledge, or expertise of another (not yourself)

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9
Q

What does the audience influence

A
  • Tone
  • Subject
  • Style
  • Choice of Language
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10
Q

Examples of audience

A
  • young
  • old
  • sophisticated
  • distant and impersonal
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11
Q

What is an allusion

A

Short informal reference within a work

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12
Q

Ambiguity

A
  • open to more than one interpretation
  • uncertainty
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13
Q

Example of ambiguity

A

I rode a black horse in red pj’s
- used words with multiple meanings
- crafted a confusing sentence
Who was wearing the red pj’s?

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14
Q

Types of allusion

A

Reference to …
1. Important person
2. Event from history
3. Another literary work
4. Mythology
5. Bible

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15
Q

What is an analogy

A

Compares two things

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16
Q

What’s the purpose of an analogy

A

To clarify or explain how an idea or object is similar

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17
Q

What’s the difference of an analogy and smile

A

Analogy is longer
Simile is more simplistic

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18
Q

Examples of Analogy vs Simile

A

Simile: Creativity is like fire.
Analogy: A new idea is like a spark.

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19
Q

What is Anaphora

A

At the beginning of a phrase, clause, or sentences the repetition of the same word or words.
In conjunction with climax and parallelism

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20
Q

What is Antithesis

A

Direct opposite ideas joined together usually in parallel structures.

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21
Q

What is an example of antithesis

A

Love is the antithesis of selfishness.

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22
Q

What does anthesis apply to

A

Characters
Humans
Themes
Abstract ideas

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23
Q

Define apostrophe

A

Interrupts a discussion or discourse to address a person or personified thing (absent or present(

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24
Q

Examples of apostrophe

A
  • “Feet don’t fail me now”
  • “I wish Grandma was alive to give me her recipe”
  • “O captain! My captain”
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25
Q

Connotative language

A
  • emotionally charged
    evokes emotions
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26
Q

Example of connotative language

A

That was cheap vs that was inexpensive

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27
Q

Diction

A
  • choice and use of words
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28
Q

Examples of diction

A

Formal vs informal
Colloquial Slang (geographical - raised saying it)

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29
Q

What is euphemism

A
  • substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term with a harsh, blunt, or offensive one
30
Q

Why may one use Euphemism

A
  • for politeness
  • takes out something rash for something softer
31
Q

Examples of Euphemism

A

Without: Shut up
With: I really need some piece

Without: He kicked the bucket
With: He passed away

32
Q

What is hyperbole

A

Exaggeration

33
Q

Purpose of hyperbole

A
  • emphasis
34
Q

Implied main idea is

A

Suggested

35
Q

Stated main idea is

A

Easily detected
- may be in a thesis statement

36
Q

Medium is

A

A means of conveying something

37
Q

Examples of a medium

A
  • autobiographies
  • magazine
  • advertising
  • stickers
38
Q

Metaphor

A

Compare two things or ideas by making one seem like it is the other. (Can be used interchangeably)
- invoked by to be

39
Q

Example of metaphor

A

“Life’s but a walking shadow; a poor player.”

40
Q

Components of a metaphor

A

Tenor - refers to concept, object, idea of comparison
Vehicle - thing that the subject is being compared to

41
Q

Example of metaphor (tenor + vehicle)

A

The women’s lips were like red roses.
Tenor: Women’s lips 👄
Vehicle: red roses 🌹

42
Q

Why do dead metaphors go unnoticed?

A
  • used so commonly you don’t even realize
  • often us cliches
43
Q

Dead metaphor examples

A
  • a clean slate
  • to dive in
  • dark and stormy night
44
Q

Implied or unstated metaphor

A
  • not explicitly stated or obvious
45
Q

Implied metaphor examples

A

Golden baked skin - compared bakery goods to skin
Green blades of nausea - compares green grass to the complexion if a nauseous person

46
Q

Mood is how

A

The author makes you feel

47
Q

Occasion is

A

The circumstances behind the reasoning for writing

48
Q

Larger occasion vs immediate occasion

A

Larger - big idea/ broad topic
Immediate - Triggers the reason behind why they are writing

49
Q

What is the occasions for the pleasure of books

A

Larger - Nazi ; burning of books
Immediate -Speaking and broadcast inspired him to do this

50
Q

Oxymoron

A

Uses two contradictory words

51
Q

Purpose of oxymoron

A
  • effect
  • complexity
  • emphasis
  • wit (humor)
52
Q

Examples of oxymoron

A

Pretty ugly
Bitter sweet
Jumbo shrimp

53
Q

Paradox

A

Contradictory statement that is true

54
Q

Example of paradox

A

Don’t go near the water until you learn how to swim.
What a pity that the youth must be wasted on the young.

55
Q

Objective perspective

A

Fact based presentation
Objective- outside

56
Q

Subjective Perspective

A

Opinion based presentations
Inside - with emotions

57
Q

In Subject perspective a writer may use

A

Facts to present his points but then use opinion to express the subject

58
Q

Third person limited (pov)

A

Narrator is outside of story and sees the event through the eyes of only characters
Knowledge is limited.
Focus is on only one character.

59
Q

Third person omniscient (pov)

A

The narrator is all knowing.
Vast knowledge is shared with readers that allow them to think beyond the story.

60
Q

Third person objective

A
  • No internal information about characters is available
  • speaks in third person
61
Q

Repetition

A
  • use of repeated words and phrases
  • end of the sentence
62
Q

Why is repetition used

A
  • emphasis
  • clarity
  • amplification
  • emotional effect
63
Q

Parallelism example

A

” I heard the voices, and I read the front page, and I know the speculation.”
Parallelism - I

64
Q

Repetition example

A

“But I’m the decider, and I decide what is best.”
Repetition - decide

65
Q

Rhetorical question

A
  • not meant to be answered
  • answer is supposed to be obvious as result of points made
66
Q

Rhetorical triangle provides relationship between

A

Speaker, subject, and audience
Tone, medium, and purpose can be considered

67
Q

The rhetorical traitnke

A

Influences the others
Each point corresponds with one of Aristotle’s three appeals

68
Q

Syntax

A

Word arrangement and structure

69
Q

Parallel structure (syntax)

A
  • repetition of a chosen grammatical form
70
Q

Example of parallel structure

A
  • ING
    Ellen likes hiking, attending the rodeo, and taking afternoon naps.”
  • ED
    Ellen likes to hike, attend the rodeo and take afternoon naps.”

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