English Cycle 3 Flashcards
An infinitive
An infinitive is “to” plus a verb, used as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
A present participle
A present participle is a verb plus “-ing,” used as an adjective or a verb.
A past participle
A past participle is a verb plus “-ed,” used as an adjective or a verb.
Verb: principal parts
infinitive
present
past
present participle
past participle
To be
infinitive to be
present am, are, is
past was, were
present participle being
past participle been
To do
infinitive to do
present do, does
past did
present participle doing
past participle done
To rise
infinitive to rise
present rise, rises
past rose
present participle rising
past participle risen
To raise
infinitive to raise
present raise, raises
past raised
present participle raising
past participle raised
To lay
infinitive to lay
present lay, lays
past laid
present participle laying
past participle laid
To lie
infinitive to lie
present lie, lies
past lay
present participle lying
past participle lain
To set
infinitive to set
present set, sets
past set
present participle setting
past participle set
To sit
infinitive to sit
present sit, sits
past sat
present participle sitting
past participle sat
To beat
infinitive to beat
present beat, beats
past beat
present participle beating
past participle beaten
To break
infinitive to break
present break, breaks
past broke
present participle breaking
past participle broken
To write
infinitive to write
present write, writes
past wrote
present participle writing
past participle written
To go
infinitive to go
present go, goes
past went
present participle going
past participle gone
Sentence parts: subject
The subject is that part of a sentence about which something is being said.
Sentence parts: predicate
The predicate is that part of a sentence that says something about the subject.
Sentence parts: clause
A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a verb.
Independent clause
An independent clause expresses a complete thought like a sentence.
Subordinate clause
A subordinate clause, also known as a dependent clause, does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone.
Sentence parts: phrase
A phrase is a group of words that does not contain both a subject and a verb and may be used as a single part of speech.
Four sentence structures
simple
compound
complex
compound-complex
Seven sentence patterns
Subject-Verb
Subject-Verb-Direct Object
Subject-Verb-Predicate Nominative
Subject-Verb-Predicate Adjective
Subject-Verb-Indirect Object-Direct Object
Subject-Verb-Direct Object-Object Complement Noun
Subject-Verb-Direct Object-Object Complement Adjective
