English - Concepts to Know w/Examples

Question 1

What is a grouping of words with at least one subject and a verb?

Answer 1

clause

Question 2

What type of clause communicates a complete thought?

Answer 2

Independent clause

Example: The boy ran

Question 3

What type of clause does NOT communicate a complete thought?

Answer 3

Dependent Clause

Example: When John studied

Question 4

What punctuation separates words/groups of words into a list?

Answer 4

Comma

Question 5

What noun type gives bonus information about the noun before it?

Answer 5

Appositive

Example: Austin, a student at Harvard, was an accomplished artist.

Question 6

What adverb connects two thoughts together?

Answer 6

Conjunctive Adverb

Question 7

You can use a comma when two of what are interchangeable?

Answer 7

adjectives

Example: It was a large, gleaming castle

Question 8

You can use a comma after you start a sentence with what type of clause?

Answer 8

dependent

Example: When Ron ran on the trail, it was serene

Question 9

What punctuation can you use to block off an unnecessary part of a sentence?

Answer 9

comma

Example: John, having lived here for years, walked casually.

Question 10

What punctuation can be used to show possession?

Answer 10

apostrophe

Example: Caiden’s dog

Question 11

What punctuation lets you make a contraction?

Answer 11

Apostrophe

Example: there is = there’s

Question 12

What punctuation do you use when you put a quote, list, or apposititive after an independent clause(complete thought)?

Answer 12

Colon

Example: The verdict was crystal clear: he was guilty

Question 13

What punctuation connects two complete thoughts, both equally emphasized?

Answer 13

Semi-Colon

Question 14

What punctuation connects 2 independent clauses, the second starting with a transition or conjunctive adverb?

Answer 14

Semi-Colon

Example: The woods were dark; however, I continued to journey on

Question 15

What punctuation highlights the information inside it?

Hint: MORE emphasis than parantheses

Answer 15

Dashes

Example: The blue whale -though 200 tons-swam quickly to the krill

Question 16

What punctuation do you use at the end of a statement?

Answer 16

Period

Example: This is a pen.

Question 17

What punctuation do you use after a question?

Answer 17

Question Mark

Example: Is this yours?

Question 18

What noun type can be used in place of another noun?

Answer 18

Pronoun

Example: “him” instead of “Isaac Newton”

Question 19

What in a sentence is the doer of a verb?

Answer 19

Subject

Example: Jackson kicked the football
Jackson is the subject

Question 20

What in a sentence has a verb done to them?

Answer 20

Object

Example: Jackson kicked the football

Question 21

What pronoun type is used when they are doing the verb?

Answer 21

Subject Pronoun

Question 22

What pronoun type is used when the verb is done to them?

Answer 22

Object Pronoun

Question 23

Which pronoun is used for people: That or Who?

Answer 23

Who

Example: The conductor is the person who leads the music

Question 23

Which pronoun is used for *things: * That or Who?

Answer 23

That

Example: The capybara is the animal that is known for being diseased

Question 24

What is it **called** when all your *pronouns are from the **same perspective?***

Answer 24

Pronoun Agreement | Ex: If **someone** wants to be a runner, **he** has to train

Question 25

What is it **called** when *it's not obvious* what the pronoun is referencing?

Answer 25

Ambiguous Reference | Ex: Jake told Shawn **he** was a good runner. Who's he?

Question 26

How many **verb tenses** do you need to know?

Answer 26

6

Question 27

**Conjugate** "to jump" in *simple present form*

Answer 27

I jump

Question 28

**Conjugate** "to jump" in *present perfect form*

Answer 28

I have jumped

Question 29

**Conjugate** "to jump" in *simple past form*

Answer 29

I jumped

Question 30

**Conjugate** "to jump" in *past perfect form*

Answer 30

I had jumped

Question 31

**Conjugate** "to jump" in *future form*

Answer 31

I will jump

Question 32

**Conjugate** "to jump" in *future perfect form*

Answer 32

I will have jumped

Question 33

Should **verb tenses** be the *same or different* in a sentence?

Answer 33

Same | Ex: I **encouraged(past)** the people that **ran(past)** by

Question 34

What is it **called** when you your *subject and verb* ***match?*** | As in if one is singular, the other is singular, etc.

Answer 34

Subject-Verb Agreement

Question 35

How do you **compare two things?**

Answer 35

This is more/less (adj)/(adj)-er than That | Ex: I am **faster** than him John is **less clumsy** than Parker

Question 36

How do you **compare 3+ things?**

Answer 36

This is the most/least (adj)/(adj)-est of (stuff) | Ex: The blue whale is the **largest** oa all animals

Question 37

**It's** is a contraction for:

Answer 37

It is OR It has | Ex: It's going to be amazing

Question 38

**It's** is a contraction for:

Answer 38

It is OR It has | Ex: It's going to be amazing

Question 39

**Its** is used to show what?

Answer 39

Possession | Ex: We found **its** cave

Question 40

**Its** is used to show what?

Answer 40

Possession | Ex: We found **its** cave

Question 41

Which is correct: **should've or should of?**

Answer 41

Should've | NEVER choose should of, might of, could of, etc.

Question 42

Which is correct: **should've or should of?**

Answer 42

Should've | NEVER choose should of, might of, could of, etc.

Question 43

What **expressions** have a *different meaning* than the literal?

Answer 43

Idioms

Question 44

What **sentence** has *multiple ideas* but NO punctuation separating them?

Answer 44

Run-On Sentences

Question 45

What **sentence** is not a *complete thought?* | Hint: not dependent clause

Answer 45

Sentence fragment

Question 46

How do you **fix** a sentence fragment?

Answer 46

Add a **complete thought** | Ex: X When I swam X O When I swam, I felt alive O

Question 47

How do you **fix** a *run-on sentence?*

Answer 47

1. Comma + conjunction 2. Joining word(and, etc.) 3. semi-colon

Question 48

What is it **called** when your list is *consistently formatted?*

Answer 48

Parallel Construction | Ex: X I came, I saw, I'm conquering X, O I came, I saw, I conquered O

Question 49

What serves to *describe something?* | Hint: Not an adjective

Answer 49

Modifier

Question 50

What is a *dangling modifier?*

Answer 50

1. Modifier starts the sentence 2. Comma after 3. Noun described is not after | Ex: Defeated, the sandstorm engulfed us The people were defeated

Question 51

What is a *misplaced modifier?*

Answer 51

The modifier is too far from its noun