English civil war Flashcards
Causes
Charles believed in divine right of kings - didn’t want the involvement of others - didn’t call on parliament for 11 years (11 year tyranny)
Married a catholic
Ship money tax introduced to everyone (not just coasts) - some refused to pay (John Hampton)
Charles hated puritans with Laud (archbishop of Canterbury) - (made a pamphlet, laud cut their ears off and they were branded)
scotish rebelion
scotish had presbitaryan church
king told them to use new prayer book
charles sent army to scotland
defeated by the scothish then they invaded England
Charles needed money to fight
called on parliament
parliament would give money only if he consulted parliament before passing laws
charles dissagreed
Wentworth
was sent to ireland to keep control
conflict between prot and catholic
parliament didnt like this as they believed charles would use him to fight england
he then returned to england
riots broke out in ireland again
people thought charles supported rebellion
parliament took control
John Pym
made a list of grievances
charles hated this
marched into parliament with army to arrest him
proof he was a tyrant
sides of battle
roundheads (parliament) and Cavaliers (royalists)
Propoganda
Rupert was charles leading officer
parliament made him seem weak using propoganda
killing children and women
new model army
oliver cromwell led them
commited to removing the king
recruited men based on ability not wealth
disciplined army
first used in battle of Namesby when they defeated cavalry by slowly moving
trial
refused to give a plea
not many of the commissioners turned up - fear of going against king (only 68 of 135)
found guilty of starting war
executed
more efficient taxation - execution was a cruel necessity
second civil war
charles imprisoned
wrote to scottish to raise army for a presbytarian church in england
cromwell defeated them
charles couldnt be trusted
