English Civil War Flashcards
(43 cards)
Two side of the English civil war
Royalists & Parliamentarians
Date of the battle of Marston Moor
2nd July 1644
Date of the battle of Naseby
1645
Winner of the battle of Marston Moor
Parliamentarians, because of surprise attack
Winner of the battle of Naseby
Parliamentarians, because of the New Model Army
Was religion, power or finance the most significant cause of the English civil war?
Religion (Protestant) as it was a huge part of England’s life at the time.
Long term: Charles and Archbishop Laud made churches look Catholic, Charles introduced his prayer book into Scotland, Charles married a Catholic woman, Archbishop Laud was punishing Protestant leaders
Short tern: Irish Catholics revolted against Protestants in Ireland and people thought Charles was behind it
Triggers of The civil war (Finance)
-The short term parliament (Charles need money to fight the Scots : parliament demanded that Charles stopped the religious reforms and removed unpopular taxes)
-Concessions made by the King (ship money was made illegal. Custom duties could only be collected for two months more)
Triggers of The civil war (Religion)
Irish Catholics revolted against Protestants in Ireland and people thought Charles was behind it
Who was Charles I’s wife?
Queen Henrietta Maria
When and where did Charles I declare war?
August 1642 & Nottingham
Triggers of The civil war (Political)
-The long parliament (demands made by parliament)
-Concessions made by the king (parliament was to meet every three years his mentors such as Laud would be removed)
-The grand remonstrance (a list of demands from parliament the power of bishops was be to reduced and he had to employee counsellors who Parliament could trust : vote 159 - 148)
-The attempted arrest of five MPs (Charles was not allowed in the House of Commons unless invited)
-Who should control the army (parliament so they took control of it)
-The 19th propositions (another set of demands made by parliament)
What did Charles I believe in?
Divine right of Kings
Who was his main advisor?
Duke of Buckingham
What is divine right of kings?
He was appointed by God, no one could challenge his authority, he ruled on his own,
Why did Parliament cause a problem?
They wanted to provide advice and assistance to the king
What did the king do to stop parliament from terrorising him?
The 11 years tyranny when parliament could not meet
Who were the people that could advise the king?
His advisers, bishops, wife and himself
Charles I’s financial policies
Ship money, coat & conduct money (custom duties)
When did the Civil War start?
August 1642
What was ship money?
It was a tax to improve the navy in times of war and it was only paid by counties on the coast but even though there was no war Charles made people pay it that lived on the coast in 1634 but in 1635 ship money was demanded from inland settlers
Elizabeth I introduced it
What was coat and conduct money?
It was a tax to pay for the army uniforms, training and transport
Charles decided to make the English pay for the army to fight the Scots
What did William Laud do?
Charles and Archbishop Laud made churches look Catholic + Archbishop Laud was punishing Protestant leaders
What was the Scottish prayer book revolt?
Charles was king of England and Scotland and Scotland was more Puritan than England.
Scotland never accepted the English prayer book so in 1637 he ordered that services from the English prayer book to be carried out. He did not ask Scots and simply told them what to do.
The reactions were varied but some revolted and invaded England
When was Charles I executed?
30th January 1649
