English Civil War Flashcards
Two side of the English civil war
Royalists & Parliamentarians
Date of the battle of Marston Moor
2nd July 1644
Date of the battle of Naseby
1645
Winner of the battle of Marston Moor
Parliamentarians, because of surprise attack
Winner of the battle of Naseby
Parliamentarians, because of the New Model Army
Was religion, power or finance the most significant cause of the English civil war?
Religion (Protestant) as it was a huge part of England’s life at the time.
Long term: Charles and Archbishop Laud made churches look Catholic, Charles introduced his prayer book into Scotland, Charles married a Catholic woman, Archbishop Laud was punishing Protestant leaders
Short tern: Irish Catholics revolted against Protestants in Ireland and people thought Charles was behind it
Triggers of The civil war (Finance)
-The short term parliament (Charles need money to fight the Scots : parliament demanded that Charles stopped the religious reforms and removed unpopular taxes)
-Concessions made by the King (ship money was made illegal. Custom duties could only be collected for two months more)
Triggers of The civil war (Religion)
Irish Catholics revolted against Protestants in Ireland and people thought Charles was behind it
Who was Charles I’s wife?
Queen Henrietta Maria
When and where did Charles I declare war?
August 1642 & Nottingham
Triggers of The civil war (Political)
-The long parliament (demands made by parliament)
-Concessions made by the king (parliament was to meet every three years his mentors such as Laud would be removed)
-The grand remonstrance (a list of demands from parliament the power of bishops was be to reduced and he had to employee counsellors who Parliament could trust : vote 159 - 148)
-The attempted arrest of five MPs (Charles was not allowed in the House of Commons unless invited)
-Who should control the army (parliament so they took control of it)
-The 19th propositions (another set of demands made by parliament)
What did Charles I believe in?
Divine right of Kings
Who was his main advisor?
Duke of Buckingham
What is divine right of kings?
He was appointed by God, no one could challenge his authority, he ruled on his own,
Why did Parliament cause a problem?
They wanted to provide advice and assistance to the king
What did the king do to stop parliament from terrorising him?
The 11 years tyranny when parliament could not meet
Who were the people that could advise the king?
His advisers, bishops, wife and himself
Charles I’s financial policies
Ship money, coat & conduct money (custom duties)
When did the Civil War start?
August 1642
What was ship money?
It was a tax to improve the navy in times of war and it was only paid by counties on the coast but even though there was no war Charles made people pay it that lived on the coast in 1634 but in 1635 ship money was demanded from inland settlers
Elizabeth I introduced it
What was coat and conduct money?
It was a tax to pay for the army uniforms, training and transport
Charles decided to make the English pay for the army to fight the Scots
What did William Laud do?
Charles and Archbishop Laud made churches look Catholic + Archbishop Laud was punishing Protestant leaders
What was the Scottish prayer book revolt?
Charles was king of England and Scotland and Scotland was more Puritan than England.
Scotland never accepted the English prayer book so in 1637 he ordered that services from the English prayer book to be carried out. He did not ask Scots and simply told them what to do.
The reactions were varied but some revolted and invaded England
When was Charles I executed?
30th January 1649
What was the details of the 30th of January?
-The death warrant had to be signed by 132 people but only 59 signed it with them being forced
-The king asked for two shirts as it was cold and he didn’t want to look scared by shivering
-He was taken to Whitehall where he ate bread drank wine and prayed
-At 2 o’clock, he stepped onto the stage
-After he was executed, many people try to get his hair and blood
-The day after his head was sewn back on and body was buried at Windsor Castle
What are custom duties?
Custom duty were for monarchs for life
Charles I only got it for one year because of parliament
It was a tax collected for goods coming in and out of the country
Who was the president of the trial?
John Bradshaw
Who attended and who should have attended?
135 should have turned up but only 68 turned up as they were afraid
Where and how was the court created?
Westminster Hall
Special court set up to deal with the king
What were Charles I’s charges?
-Treason
He declared war against his people
He took the power of parliament for himself e.g. raising taxes
-Winnesses
Raised his standard
He mistreated war prisoners
He tried to wage war again whilst in captivity
What happened during Day 1 of the trial?
Charles would not plead if he was guilty or not
What happened during Day 2 of the trial?
Charles would still not plead but instead had an argument with Bradshaw about why he should be challenged in this court (not in the King’s courts
What happened during Day 3 of the trial?
Charles still didn’t reply so he was taken away after a few minutes
What was the verdict and sentence?
He was promised that he could make a speech before the verdict was announced, but on the day Bradshaw stopped him
He was found guilty andsentenced to execution
Date of Charles I corination
1625
Date of Duke of Buckingham’s death
1628
Date of 11 years tyranny
1629
Date of Ship money collected from costal counties
1634
Date of Ship money collected from costal counties + inland counties
1635
Date of Scottish Prayer Book revolt
1637
Date of coat + conduct money introduced
1639
Date of Grand Remonstrance
1641
Date of Nineteen Propositions and Battle of Edgehill
1642
