English Civil War Flashcards
Who was Charles I?
King who fought the Civil War against parliament
What was Charles’ marriage?
Charles married French Catholic Henrietta Maria
Many MPs feared this would make England Catholic
What was an arminian?
Protestant group who wished to reverse some of the Reformation
Archbishop Laud = The Arminian Archbishop
Laud wanted to reintroduce stained glass windows and rich robes for priests
What was a puritan?
Group of radical protestants who believed that churches should be plain
Hated the changes Charles and Laud made to the Church
Puritans had ears cut off as punishment for rebellion
What was the war with Scotland?
Charles tried to introduce a new prayer book to Scotland in 1637
This started war so Charles had to recall parliament to ask for money
What was the Divine Right of Kings?
Charles believed he was appointed king by God
Charles felt that parliament had no right to question his decisions
What was the 11 year tyranny?
Period where Charles ruled without parliament
What is Ship Money?
A tax that Charles expanded to raise money
Parliament did not agree to this tax and felt it was illegal
What was the Court of the Star Chamber?
Charles used this court as a substitute government whilst he ruled without parliament
Many MPs hated the Star Chamber
What was Short Parliament?
Called by Charles but dismissed by Charles after 3 weeks
What was long parliament?
Charles recalled parliament and it sat for 20 years.
MPs abolished Ship Money and Star Chamber
MPs ordered the arrest of Laud and the Earl of Strafford
MPs refused Charles money for Scottish and Irish wars
What was the Grande Remonstance?
A list of complaints written by John Pym about the King
It asked for parliament to have much more control
Charles hated it and tried to arrest Pym and 4 other MPs
This was the final straw for the Civil War
What was a royalist?
Supporters of the king also known as “Cavaliers”
What was a parliamentarian?
Supporters of parliament also called “Roundheads”
What was the New Model Army?
Parliaments professional army. Commanded by Oliver Cromwell
Led by trained officers; well paid and disciplined
