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term 1 milestones > english > Flashcards

english Flashcards

vocab

1
Q

Direct characterisation

A

The author explicitly describes a characters traits
eg she was gentle and kind

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2
Q

Indirect characterisation

A

The reader infers traits through a characters
actions, dialogue, thoughts, or how others react to them.

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3
Q

Archetype

A

A universal character model or pattern (e.g. the hero, the
mentor).

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4
Q

Foil

A

A character who contrasts with another, highlighting their traits.

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5
Q

Linear narrative

A

Events are presented in chronological order.

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6
Q

Non-linear narrative

A

Events are presented out of order (e.g., flashbacks,
flashforwards).

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7
Q

Conflict

A

The main problem driving the story, either internal (character vs.
self) or external (character vs. other forces like society, nature, or another
character).

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8
Q

Foreshadowing

A

Hints about events to come.

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9
Q

Climax

A

The turning point or moment of highest tension.

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10
Q

Pathetic fallacy

A

Attributing human emotions to nature or the environment to
reflect mood.

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11
Q

First-person

A

The narrator is a character in the story (e.g., I walked to the
store).

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12
Q

Third-person limited

A

The narrator knows the thoughts of one character.

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13
Q

Third-person omniscient

A

The narrator knows the thoughts of all characters.

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14
Q

Unreliable narrator

A

A narrator whose credibility is questionable

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15
Q

Stream of consciousness

A

A narrative style that mimics the flow of a
characters thoughts.

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16
Q

Intrusive narrator

A

A narrator who interrupts the story to provide commentary.

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17
Q

Imagery

A

Imagery: Descriptive language appealing to the senses (e.g., The roses
smelled sweet and filled the air with a heady aroma)

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18
Q

Figurative language

A

Creative expressions that go beyond literal meaning,
including

Metaphor: Direct comparison (e.g., "Her smile was sunshine").
■ Simile: Comparison using He ran like the wind).
■ Personification: Giving human qualities to non-human things (e.g. The wind whispered through the trees).

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19
Q

Symbolism

A

Using objects or characters to represent abstract ideas (e.g., a
dove symbolizing peace)

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20
Q

Motif

A

A recurring element, such as an image or idea, that reinforces themes.

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21
Q

Allusion

A

A reference to another text, historical event, or cultural figure.

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22
Q

Allegory

A

A story functioning as an extended metaphor where characters and
events represent abstract ideas (e.g George Orwells Animal Farm).

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23
Q

Tone

A

The author’s attitude toward the subject (e.g, serious, sarcastic,
playful).

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24
Q

Mood

A

The emotional atmosphere created by the text (e.g, eerie, uplifting).

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25
Purpose
The reason the author writes the text (e.g., to inform, persuade, entertain, or reflect).
26
Audience
The intended readers or viewers, influencing tone and style.
27
Chronological
Events or points presented in time order
28
Cause and Effect
Explaining why something happens and its consequences.
28
Compare and Contrast
Highlighting similarities and differences between ideas.
29
Problem-Solution
Presenting an issue and proposing resolutions.
30
Cyclical structure
A structure where the ending mirrors or reflects the beginning.
31
Juxtaposition
Placing contrasting ideas, events, or descriptions close together for effect.
32
Formal language
Polished, professional tone with precise vocabulary.
33
Informal language
Conversational tone, including colloquialisms and slang.
34
Rhetorical questions
Questions posed to provoke thought rather than elicit an answer (e.g Who wouldn’t want success ).
35
Cliche
an over-used expression. (e.g., It was a dark and stormy night).
36
Ethos
Establishing credibility or authority (e.g citing expertise).
37
Pathos
Appealing to emotions (e.g., a personal anecdote).
38
Logos
Appealing to logic through facts and statistics.
39
Chiasmus
A rhetorical figure where words or phrases are reversed for effect (e.g.,;Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country).
40
Antithesis
Contrasting ideas placed in parallel structures (e.g., "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times").
41
Jargon
Specialised language used, often defined by profession or group of shared interests.
42
Hyperbole
Deliberate exaggeration for effect
43
Anecdote
A short personal story to illustrate a point.
44
Direct Adress
Speaking directly to the audience (e.g., ;You need to act now).
45
Imperative
An order or command for an action.
46
Repetition
words or statements used more than once for emphasis
47
Point of view
The author’s perspective or stance
48
Bias
The authors subjective views or preferences, often revealed through word choice.
49
Euphemism
Mild or indirect phrasing to soften harsh realities (e.g., passed away instead of ;died.
50
Satire
Use of humour, irony, or ridicule to criticise or expose flaws in individuals or society.
51
Lineation
How lines are arranged in the poem (e.g., long lines, short lines).
52
Stanza forms
forms: Groupings of lines (e.g., couplets, quatrains)
53
Caesura
A pause within a line, often marked by punctuation.
54
Enjambment
A line that flows without pause into the next.
55
Volta
A shift in tone or argument, especially in sonnets
56
Free verse
Poetry without a regular rhyme or meter.
57
Imagery
Vivid sensory descriptions to evoke specific images or emotions.
58
Alliteration
Repetition of initial consonant sounds.
59
Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds (e.g., The rain in Spain).
60
Onomatopoeia
Words that imitate sounds Bang Pop
61
Sibilance
Repetition of s or sh sounds to create a hissing or soothing effect.
62
Cacophony
Use of harsh, discordant sounds
63
Euphony
Use of pleasing, harmonious sounds.
64
Simile
Comparhasion using like or as
65
Metaphor
Direct comparison.
66
Personification
Attributing human qualities to non-human entities.
67
Hyperbole
Exaggeration for effect.
68
Tone
The speaker’s attitude (e.g., reflective, defiant).
69
Mood
The emotional effect on the reader (e.g., melancholic, jubilant).
70
Persona
The voice or role assumed by the poet or speaker.
71
Dramatic monologue
A poem in which the speaker addresses a silent listener, revealing their character indirectly.

term 1 milestones (5 decks)

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