Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Improvement > english > Flashcards

english Flashcards

1
Q

How should the Introduction be structured?

A

Both Texts,/ Text A. Genre. Audience. Purpose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How should the first paragraph be structured?

A

On a lexical level,.
Lexical Field
Register
Colloquial Language
Slang
Jargon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What should the Second paragraph contain?

A

On a grammatical level,.
Sentence Types
Clauses
Tenses
Active and Passive Voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What should the Third paragraph contain?

A

In terms of pragmatics,.
Deixis
Politeness Strategies
Implicature
Speech Act
Grice’s Maxims

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How should the Conclusion be structured?

A

In Conclusion,.
Main points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a Lexical Field?

A

Lexical Field is words related by meaning or context.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a register?

A

Register is the level of formality or style in a text.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Colloquial Language?

A

Colloquial Language is informal language used in everyday conversation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Jargon?

A

Jargon is specialised vocabulary used in specific fields.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Slang?

A

Slang is informal language often used by particular groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the Sentence types?

A

Sentence Types Simple Sentence, Compound Sentence, Complex Sentence, Compound-Complex Sentence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a Simple Sentence?

A

Simple Sentence
Definition: A sentence that contains only one independent clause. It has a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought.
Example:
The cat slept on the mat.
She runs every morning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a compound sentence?

A

Compound Sentence
Definition: A sentence that contains two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (e.g., and, but, or, so, yet, for, nor) or a semicolon.
Example:
I wanted to go for a walk, but it started raining.
He enjoys reading books; she prefers watching movies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a Complex Sentence?

A

Complex Sentence
Definition: A sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause. The dependent clause is introduced by a subordinating conjunction (e.g., because, although, since, while, if, when).
Example:
Although it was raining, we went to the park.
She stayed home because she was feeling unwell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a Compound-Complex Sentence?

A

Compound-Complex Sentence
Definition: A sentence that contains at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Example:
Although she was tired, she finished her homework, and she went to bed early.
We went to the park because the weather was nice, but we left early when it started to rain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an Independent and Depend Clause?

A

Independent Clause: A group of words that can stand alone as a complete sentence.
Dependent Clause: A group of words that cannot stand alone and depends on the independent clause for meaning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the Tenses?

A

Past Tense: Present Tense: Future Tense: Perfect Tense: Progressive (Continuous) Tense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Past Tense?

A

Past Tense
Definition: Refers to actions or events that occurred in the past.
Example (Active):
She baked a cake.
Example (Passive):
A cake was baked by her.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Present Tense?

A

Present Tense
Definition: Refers to actions or events happening now or that are habitual.
Example (Active):
She bakes a cake.
Example (Passive):
A cake is baked by her.

20
Q

What is Future Tense?

A

Future Tense
Definition: Refers to actions or events that will happen in the future.
Example (Active):
She will bake a cake.
Example (Passive):
A cake will be baked by her.

21
Q

What is Perfect Tense?

A

Perfect Tense
Definition: Indicates actions that are completed before a certain time. It is formed using has, have, had, or will have + the past participle of the verb.
a. Past Perfect:
Example (Active):
She had baked a cake.
Example (Passive):
A cake had been baked by her.

22
Q

What are the different Perfect tenses?

A

Past Perfect:

Example (Active):
She had baked a cake.
Example (Passive):
A cake had been baked by her.
b. Present Perfect:

Example (Active):
She has baked a cake.
Example (Passive):
A cake has been baked by her.
c. Future Perfect:

Example (Active):
She will have baked a cake.
Example (Passive):
A cake will have been baked by her.

23
Q

What is Progressive (Continuous) Tense?

A

Progressive (Continuous) Tense
Definition: Indicates ongoing or continuous action. It is formed using am, is, are, was, were, or will be + the present participle (verb + -ing).
a. Past Progressive:

Example (Active):
She was baking a cake.
Example (Passive):
A cake was being baked by her.
b. Present Progressive:

Example (Active):
She is baking a cake.
Example (Passive):
A cake is being baked by her.
c. Future Progressive:

Example (Active):
She will be baking a cake.
Example (Passive):
A cake will be being baked by her. (Rarely used)

24
Q

What are the types of voice?

A

Active and Passive Voice
Active Voice: The subject performs the action.
Example: The chef cooked the meal.
Passive Voice: The subject receives the action.
Example: The meal was cooked by the chef.

25
What are pragmatics?
Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the interpretation and meaning of language.
26
What is context?
Context: Includes the physical, social, and linguistic environment in which communication occurs. Example: "Can you pass the salt?" is understood as a request, not a question about ability, because of the context of dining.
27
What is Deixis?
Deixis words or phrases that require contextual information to understand.
28
What are the Politeness Strategies?
Positive Politeness Negative Politeness Compliments or expressions of interest. Bald on Record Off-Record Avoidance
29
What is Direct Record?
Direct (Bald on Record) Record Definition: A direct and clear way of speaking that doesn’t attempt to minimize threats to the listener’s face. It’s often used when the relationship is close, or the context demands urgency. Example: "Close the door." (Direct command without softening) When Used: Emergencies or when efficiency is prioritized over politeness.
30
What is Positive Politeness?
Positive Politeness Definition: Strategies used to show friendliness and concern for the listener’s positive face. The goal is to make the listener feel valued and liked. Methods: Compliments or expressions of interest. Using inclusive language (we, let’s). Showing optimism or agreement. Example: "You’re such a great cook—can I borrow your recipe?" "Let’s tackle this problem together!"
31
What is Negative Politeness?
Negative Politeness Definition: Strategies used to show respect for the listener’s negative face by avoiding imposition or intrusiveness. The aim is to acknowledge their autonomy and minimize pressure. Methods: Apologizing or hedging. Being indirect or phrasing requests cautiously. Using modal verbs (could, might). Example: "I’m sorry to bother you, but could you help me with this?" "Would it be okay if I borrowed your book?"
32
What is Off-Record (Indirect)?
Off-Record (Indirect) Definition: Using indirect language or hints to make the request or statement, leaving room for the listener to interpret and respond as they choose. This avoids explicit imposition. Methods: Using rhetorical questions or vague statements. Hinting rather than stating directly. Example: "It’s really cold in here." (Implying that the listener should close the window) "I’ve been meaning to try that dish." (Implying they might like a taste or recipe)
33
What is Avoidance?
Avoidance Definition: Choosing not to say or do anything that might threaten the listener’s face. This may involve changing the topic or remaining silent. Example: Instead of pointing out someone’s mistake, avoiding the issue altogether.
34
What is Implicature?
Implicature an implied meaning that isn’t directly stated, based on context.
35
What are the Implicature Maxims?
Maxim of Quantity: Be as informative as required, but not more. Maxim of Quality: Say only what you believe to be true. Maxim of Relation: Be relevant. Maxim of Manner: Be clear and avoid ambiguity.
36
What is Grice’s Maxims?
Grice’s Maxims principles of effective communication.
37
What are Grice’s Maxims?
Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner.
38
How is the Conclusion structured?
In conclusion both Texts,/ Text A. Genre. Audience. Purpose.
39
What is Positive Face?
The desire to be liked, appreciated, and respected by others. It's similar to self-esteem
40
What is Negative face?
The desire for freedom of action, freedom from imposition, and the right to make one's own decisions. It's similar to the desire to protect personal rights, such as freedom of speech.
41
What is Overt Prestige?
Overt prestige is when someone takes control of the conversation.
42
What is Covert Prestige?
Covert Prestige is when someone does not take control of the conversation
43
What is a Lexical Gap?
A lexical gap is when words used to mean the same thing have different connotation based on your gender
44
What are the ways to violate or flout the Maxim of Quantity?
Repetition Excessively and unnecessarily long intervention Excessively short interventions
45
What are ways to violate or flout the Maxim of Relation?
Digression Not answering a question
46
What are the ways to violate or flout the Maxim of Manner?
Lack of clarity/Vagueness Metaphors Euphemisms

Improvement (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions